象征手法的文章【《象征手法的文章》2900字】

作文一:《象征手法的文章》2900字

花木,千姿百态,其色彩、风韵不仅给人以美感,在人们心目中还有它

特定的象征意义。

以松柏象征坚贞。松枝傲骨峥嵘,柏树庄重肃穆,且四季长青,历严冬

而不衰。《论语》赞曰:岁寒然后知松柏之后凋也。松与竹、梅一起,素有“岁

寒三友”之称。文艺作品中,常以松柏象征坚贞不屈的英雄气概。

以竹象征气节。竹子挺拔秀丽,岁寒不凋,自古以来,受到人们的普遍

喜爱。古人常以“玉可碎而不改其白,竹可焚而不毁其节”来比喻人的气节。

以梅象征坚强不屈。梅的枝干苍劲挺秀,宁折不弯,被人们用来象征刚

强不屈的意志;而迎风斗雪怒放的梅花,则最先给人间透露春的气息。

以菊象征不畏风霜。菊花在深秋时节开放,它花期长,千姿百态,深为

人们喜受。它不畏风霜的高尚品格更为人们所称道。

以牡丹象征富贵。牡丹花朵硕大,色泽鲜艳,它以其国色天香,雍容华

贵、端妍富丽的特色,素称“花中之王”。人们视其为富贵荣华的象征。

以兰花象征高尚。兰花风姿素雅,花容端庄,幽香清远,历来作为高尚

人格的象征。诗人屈原极爱兰花,在他不朽之作《离骚》中,多处出现咏兰

的佳句。

以荷花象征清白。荷花花朵艳丽,清香远溢,碧叶翠盖,十分高雅。周敦颐

之名篇《爱莲说》称其“出污泥而不染”,赞美荷花的高贵品格,将其视为清

白、高洁的象征。

以折桂象征荣耀。据神话传说,月亮中有一桂花树。过去称应试及条为“蟾

宫折桂”,比喻十分荣耀。福建地区的古越人还将月桂编织成“桂冠”,奉献给

荣誉最高的人。

以桃李代表门生。人们常以“桃李满园”、“桃李满天下”来比喻某名师的

门生众多。

以桑梓代故乡。《诗经·小雅》载:“维桑与梓,必恭敬止。”意谓家乡的

桑树与梓树乃父母所栽,对它要表示尊敬。后人常以桑梓指代故乡。

以垂柳表示依恋。《诗经》有“昔我往矣,杨柳依依”之句。柳与留谐音,

因而古时送别友人,常折柳枝相赠,以示依恋之情。

以杏象征幸福。因为杏与“幸”谐音,表示“有幸”,杏与花瓶表示“祝您高

中”,同时因为杏花非常美丽,常用以象征美丽的少女;杏仁则比作美女的眼

睛,俗语常说“柳叶眉,杏仁眼。”

以桃象征长寿。桃是最常见的长寿象征,给老人祝寿便用寿桃。一些人

在厅堂中常挂着一幅画有三个桃和五只蝙蝠的面,表示“三桃五福”。

以水仙象征来年好运。“水仙”字面意思为“水中的仙人”;由于它正好在

春节(旧历年节)前后开花,又称作“年花”,因此就成为来年好运的一个合适

的标志。

以枫叶象征鸿运。枫叶不仅至秋呈红色,有“霜叶红于二月花”的美丽景

色,而且因为“枫”与“封”同音,故有“受封”的意思,在许多图画中,画着一

头猴子栖在树上,树上有一个蜂巢(也是“封”的意思)。

雷电颂

郭沫若

屈原 (向风及雷电)风!你咆哮吧!咆哮吧!尽力地咆哮吧!在这暗无天日的时候,一切都睡着了,都沉在梦里,都死了的时候,正是应该你咆哮的时候了 ,应该你尽力咆哮的时候!      尽管你是怎样的咆哮,你也不能把他们从梦中叫醒,不能把死了的吹活转来,不能吹掉这比铁还沉重的眼前的黑暗,但你至少可以吹走一些灰尘,吹走一些沙石,至少可以吹动一些花草树木。你可以使那洞庭湖,使那长江,使那东海,为你翻波浪,和你一同地大声咆哮呵!

啊,我思念那洞庭湖,我思念那长江,我思念那东海,那浩浩荡荡的无边无际的波澜呀!那浩浩荡荡的无边无际的伟大的力呀!那是自由,是跳舞,是音乐,是诗!

啊,这宇宙中的伟大的诗!你们风,你们雷,你们电,你们在这黑暗中咆哮着的,闪耀着的一切的一切,你们都是诗,都是音乐,都是跳舞。你们宇宙中伟大的艺人们呀,尽量发挥你们的力量吧。发泄出无边无际的怒火把这黑暗的宇宙,阴惨的宇宙,爆炸了吧!爆炸了吧!

雷!你那轰隆隆的,是你车轮子滚动的声音?你把我载着拖到洞庭湖的边上去,拖到长江的边上去,拖到东海的边上去呀!我要看那滚滚的波涛,我要听那鞺鞺鞳鞳的咆哮,我要飘流到那没有阴谋、没有污秽、没有自私自利的没有人的小岛上去呀!我要和着你,和着你的声音,和着那茫茫的大海,—同跳进那没有边际的没有限制的自由里去!

啊,电!你这宇宙中最犀利的剑呀!我的长剑是被人拔去了,但是你,你能拔去我有形的长剑,你不能拔去我无形的长剑呀。电,你这宇宙中的剑,也正是,我心中的剑。你劈吧,劈吧,劈吧!把这比铁还坚固的黑暗,劈开,劈开,劈开!虽然你劈它如同劈水—样,你抽掉了,它又合拢了来,但至少你能使那光明得到暂时间的一瞬的显现,哦,那多么灿烂的、多么眩目的光明呀!

光明呀,我景仰你,我景仰你,我要向你拜手,我要向你稽首。我知道,你的本身就是火,你,你这宇宙中的最伟大者呀,火!你在天边,你在眼前,你在我的四面,我知道你就是宇宙的生命,你就是我的生命,你就是我呀!我这熊熊地燃烧着的生命,我这快要使我全身炸裂的怒火,难道就不能迸射出光明了吗?

炸裂呀,我的身体!炸裂呀,宇宙!让那赤条条的火滚动起来,像这风一样,像那海一样,滚动起来,把一切的有形,一切的污秽,烧毁了吧!烧毁了吧!把这包含着一切罪恶的黑暗烧毁了吧!      把你这东皇太一烧毁了吧!把你这云中君烧毁了吧!你们这些土偶木梗,你们高坐在神位上有什么德能?你们只是产生黑暗的父亲和母亲!

你,你东君,你是什么个东君?别人说你是太阳神,你,你坐在那马上丝毫也不能驰骋。你,你红着一个面孔,你也害羞吗?啊,你,你完全是一片假!你,你这土偶木梗,你这没心肝的,没灵魂的,我要把你烧毁,烧毁,烧毁你的一切,特别要烧毁你那匹马!你假如是有本领,就下来走走吧!什么个大司命,什么个少司命,你们的天大的本领就只有晓得播弄人!什么个湘君,什么个湘夫人,你们的天大的本领也就只晓得痛哭几声!哭,哭有什么用?眼泪,眼泪有什么用?顶多让你们哭出几笼湘妃竹吧!但那湘妃竹不是主人们用来打奴隶的刑具么?你们滚下船来,你们滚下云头来,我都要把你们烧毁!烧毁!烧毁!

哼,还有你这河伯……哦,你河伯!你,你是我最初的一个安慰者!我是看得很清楚的呀!当我被人们押着,押上了一个高坡,卫士们要息脚,我也就站立在高坡上,回头望着龙门。我是看得很清楚,很清楚的呀!我看见婵娟被人虐待,我看见你挺身而出,指天画地有所争论。结果,你是被人押进了龙门,婵娟她也被人押进了龙门。

但是我,我没有眼泪。宇宙,宇宙也没有眼泪呀!眼泪有什么用呵?我们只有雷霆,只有闪电,只有风暴,我们没有拖泥带水的雨!这是我的意志,宇宙的意志。鼓动吧,风!咆哮吧,雷!闪耀吧,电!把一切沉睡在黑暗怀里的东西,毁灭,毁灭,毁灭呀!

[赏析]五幕历史剧《屈原》是郭沫若历史剧的代表作。全剧截取了屈原生活中的横断面。在一天时

间里,浓缩了屈原坚持联齐抗秦、反对绝齐降秦、与楚国宫廷内保守势力展开激烈斗争的历程,概括了屈原的精神品格。《雷电颂》是屈原在自尊的灵魂遭受最深凌辱、生命危在旦夕之际叩问天地表达自身理想的宣言书。“独白”以诗意化的语言赋予自然雷电以神力,让雷电化作手中的倚天长剑,去劈开黑暗,去焚毁这黑暗中的一切,《雷电颂》淋漓尽致,不可遏止地抒发了屈原热爱祖国、坚持正义、渴望光明、反对黑暗的理想与要求。《雷电颂》是正气歌,它以史为题材,以剧为形式,以诗为灵魂,“把时代的愤怒复活在屈原的时代里”,表现了抗战时期人民抗战要求和同仇敌忾的民族精神。

作文二:《梅花使用象征手法的文章》900字

梅花

小小的花瓣,细而有劲的枝,淡淡的粉白,缠绕在周身的芳香。那是一种在冬天才傲然开放的花,那是一种在雪中才显得更加纯白的花,那是一种雪花压不倒的花。是的,那就是梅花。在冬雪中傲然挺立的花。

五月份,春与夏交接的季节。阳光明媚,姹紫嫣红。迎春花与玉兰花刚刚开败,月季冒出了小小的蕾,一串串粉嘟嘟的桃花,绿草如茵,这一切,都像人们说得那样,是的,这我也同意,春天确实是一个万物复苏的季节。她给人的感觉就是嫩嫩的绿,淡淡的绿,无边无尽的绿,而夏天,绿得更深了,那是翠绿,绿得更加得深沉。

然而,冬天,这四季中最没有生气的一个季节,给人的感觉是无边无垠的白,雪花铺天盖地,席卷而来,仅仅能为这枯萎的冬天增添几分绿色的松柏,此时也被盖上了厚厚的雪被。

夏天的那些花儿们,此时也只剩下了枯枝烂叶。不再有了往日的娇艳,不再有了往日的富贵,不再有了往日的神气,他们那仅剩下的矮小的枝,也在雪被的压力下累得直喘粗气,只能悲哀的等待着死神的到来。

而此时,就在这漫天遍野的雪中,就在这万物的哀叹声中,梅花出现了,就在这雪地中傲然挺立着。她那高而细的枝干,丝毫受不到风雪的影响。傲雪临霜。在风雪中怒放,充满了豪情,挺立着,挺立着,任凭风雪的吹打……

这就是我喜爱梅花的原因,坚强不屈。虽然冬天是那样的寒冷,以至于人们都懒得出门,然而梅花却在风雪中开着那小小的花,而这小小的花,所象征的精神,却远比那夏天中艳丽多彩的玫瑰,月季,牡丹高尚的多。

你看那梅花,像极了纯白的雪,只是那雪花融化之后,留下的只是一滩污迹,华而不实,虚假的很,而梅花,她是真真正正的纯白,有时还带着一点点粉红,她留下的,是似有似无的芳香。她的朴质与素雅,也不是常人能所及的。

你看那在风雪中傲然挺立,怒放着的梅花,难道你就丝毫没有感受到她的美吗?难道在漫无边际的白雪中,你突然看到前方有一株挺立着的梅花,你就不被她那种不畏寒霜,坚强不屈的精神所感染吗?难道你不曾想到,她与红军战士们坚强不屈的精神多少有些相似吗?难道你就没有想到,这傲雪临霜的雪梅,真真切切的象征了我们的革命战士们,象征了他们那种顽强不屈,勇于拼搏,渴望着暴风雪的来临的那种精神,那种意志品质吗?  人们赞美牡丹,是因为它的富贵,赞美荷花,是因为它的出淤泥而不染,而我赞美梅花,是因为她的那种坚强不屈,傲雪斗霜的

精神,同时也象征了那些在困难面前不低头,越挫越勇的人们!

作文三:《象征手法的运用》1700字

【写作目标】

1.融会贯通,理解象征手法的含义。

2.学以致用,运用象征手法写作文章。

【技法指津】

象征是借助某一具体事物的形象,以表现某种抽象的概念、思想或感情的表现手法。其特点是利用象征物与被象征物之间的某种相似性,使被象征物的某一特质得到含蓄而形象的表现。

运用象征手法写文章,从总体上说,属于“托物言志”的范畴。在构思作文时要做到“三要”:

一、要选好“象征体”,做到联想丰富。

要根据客体与象征体之间相似点的内在联系,充分展开想象,巧妙地描写出象征物的神韵和风貌,使读者产生联想。例如王冕的“不要人夸颜色好,只留清气满乾坤”,在诗人眼中梅是坚忍不拔、高风亮节的人格象征;李清照有诗云:“梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴”,这梧桐又何止是树,它也是凄凉悲伤的象征。

二、要明确“象征义”,做到始终如一。

在描写中,不论情节如何变化,要始终保持象征物的前后一致性。自然万物,千姿百态,其色彩、风韵不仅给人以美感,在人们心目中还有它特定的象征意义。如:牡丹象征富贵,杨柳成为离愁别绪的象征,一般说来,古诗中的月亮大多是思乡的代名词。

三、要观察仔细,做到形神兼备。

还记得学过的《紫藤萝瀑布》吗?作者宗璞观察仔细,不仅摹画了色彩,而且绘制了形态,还捕获了芳香。从外在的形象到内在的品质;从视觉的窗口到味觉的芬芳;从可触可感的实物到梦幻招魂的仙露琼浆。着墨丰润,用笔多变,形神兼备。感动之余,精神振奋,因为这坚强的生命,是战胜困难后的欢呼,它象征生命再生,象征精神涅��,象征美的不灭,象征心灵之花绽放。

【牛刀小试】

灯火牵动我的情思

□国仁昭

从前,总以为那些矗立在路边的灯很卑微,很渺小。

但在那一天,我对路灯的看法改变了。周五晚上,我们班放学比较晚,我和同学走在放学路上。突然间,所有的路灯同时亮起来了,灯火辉煌,照亮了前方的路。

这时,我注意到路边有些环卫工人正在辛勤地劳动,他们用黝黑的双手保持着这座城市的整洁。

很多人在看到他们时,会投去不屑的目光,好像他们天生就该为人民服务一样,也许是因为他们的外貌:一身已经穿得很旧的橙马甲,一条一成不变的黑色裤子,以及两条因劳累过度早已瘦得皮包骨头的胳膊,还有那双在烈日曝晒下变得粗糙而黝黑的手。

但就是这样朴素的衣着和瘦小的身躯,他们干起活来时身体中仿佛充满了无限的能量。

他们就像路灯一样,很不起眼却又那样重要,点亮了自己,照亮了别人。那些照亮别人的人,又何尝只有清洁工呢?

望着街边矗立的高楼大厦,我想起了那些外地务工人员。他们用勤劳的双手筑起了这座城市的繁华。他们从十几岁起就来到了这座城市,无依无靠,与他们相伴的只有嘈杂的人流和路灯的亮光。

生活中,像路灯一样照亮他人的人还有很多,他们渺小而不卑微。他们在自己的岗位上认真工作,牺牲了自己,照亮了别人。也许,梦想离我们非常遥远,但当我们每个人都做好自己的本职工作时,成功也许就在眼前!

点评:在作者眼中,灯就是那些卑微但却伟大的默默无闻的奉献者的象征。文章描写细腻,过渡自然,从清洁工到外地务工人员,他们就像路灯一样,照亮了这个城市,温暖了这个城市。全文精巧的构思值得我们学习。

【误区警示】

1.在选择象征体时,要考虑到它们之间的联系。这种联系可以是外形上的,如竹与气节;也可以是精神上的,如梅与傲世,总之必须有契合点。

2.文中的象征义虽然没明说,但要让读者能够借助所描述的内容心领神会,不能让人费解或产生歧义。

【延伸训练】

在科学家眼里,灯是科技的产物,进步的象征;在诗人那里,灯是精神的航标,人生的动力……生活中,我们与“灯”相伴;生命中,我们与“灯”同行!

请以“灯”为话题,写一篇作文。不少于600字,题材自选,体裁不限。

思路点拨:1.这个作文题,关键是要弄清“灯”的含义:“灯”象征着温暖、温馨、光明、希望。灯能够给人指明前进的方向,能够照亮人生路途,能够驱散寒冷,赶走黑暗,除去阴霾,能够让人迷途知返,让迷失方向的人找到回家的路。

2.你可以侧重写谁亮过“灯”,可以侧重写你要为谁亮“灯”,也可以侧重写谁是如何亮“灯”的。

作文四:《电影中象征手法的运用》1500字

象征手法的运用:《蓝》

《蓝》是电影蓝白红三部曲之一。《蓝》、《白》、《红》是波兰大师级导演、“道德焦虑派”代表人基耶斯洛夫斯基的遗作。“红白蓝三部曲”的创意是来自与法国国旗的颜色,他们分别象征自由、平等和博爱。《蓝》以诗意的忧郁格调讲述了作曲家之妻朱丽因车祸痛失丈夫和爱女,对往昔的回忆让她在生死两难中徘徊不定。生命的终止和延续都让朱莉无法获得心灵的自由,她被笼罩在蓝色的迷雾之下。整部影片都在讲述着寻求自由,寻求解脱,当然这种自由与解脱是心理上的,是一种对于过去痛苦记忆的遗忘,一种精神上的自由。

电影《蓝》全片充满了阴郁忧郁的情调,在蓝色的主色调下,影片中美妙的光影变幻,冰蓝色的吊灯,亮蓝色的糖纸,那个碧蓝色的游泳池„„这些冰冷的蓝色呈现,使电影在蓝色的渲染显得深邃而伤感。此外还有白色的方块,黑色的咖啡,纷杂的稿纸等等。蓝色象征着忧郁、痛苦,白色代表的是纯洁,幸福,黑色是厄运,毁灭„„但是每一个单独物件又有特定的含义。

蓝色糖纸

蓝是代表忧郁的颜色,而在《蓝》这部电影里,它被赋予“自

由”这一新的涵义。在电影《蓝》中蓝色糖纸作为一个个体

物件又有它自己的象征含义。

蓝色糖纸多次出现在影片当中,第一次是车祸前朱莉的小女

儿在车上挥舞着蓝色糖纸。第二次是朱莉从包里掏出蓝色的

糖果,剥开蓝色的糖纸,狠狠的将糖咬碎吃掉。这里的蓝色

糖纸或者蓝色的糖果代表的就是朱莉的小女儿。朱莉的小女

儿最喜欢吃的蓝色糖果,喜欢玩的蓝色糖纸这些都是创作者

为蓝色物体意义上的升华预留了空间,所以车祸后,蓝色的

糖纸就直接代表了朱莉的小女儿 ,甚至代表了一些他极力

想要忘却,但却始终无法遗忘的东西。而朱莉吃蓝色的糖果就表达了她对女儿的思念,狠狠地咬碎是一种沉重,压抑心情的发泄,对女儿的思念压得她喘不过气,朱莉可以吞掉糖果,却无法对女儿的死释怀。

白色方砂糖

白色代表简单,纯洁。一块小小的白色方砂糖,和浓浓的

黑咖啡展现了一个意味深长的画面。

朱莉坐在咖啡馆里,丈夫的朋友就车祸对她表示深切的慰

问。此时门外一个流浪者吹起了笛子,朱莉望着流浪者出

神,服务员端来了一杯咖啡,朱莉拿起杯边的方糖,看着

方糖在咖啡中慢慢地被浸透成黑色。

白色的方糖象征着纯白美好的回忆,简单而单纯的幸福生

活。白色的方糖被咖啡浸染成黑色,象征着幸福生活的断

送。也意味着朱莉对任何事物都漠不关心了,她的内心失

去了自由,孤独使她默然。这个段落的象征意义进一步烘托出整部电影的主题:寻求自由。 蓝色游泳池

从光线分布可以看出,拍摄游泳池里的戏时使用了蓝色光

源,这使得池水看起来蓝得发亮,不同于游泳池水本来的

蓝色,可见基希洛夫斯基对这个场景做了强调。游泳池是

朱莉最私密的空间,她每次到游泳池都不仅仅是为了游

泳,而是流泪,或者仅仅是为了流泪,似乎整个游泳池象

征的就是朱莉的泪水。

影片中一共出现四次朱莉跳入蓝色的游泳池中游水。碧蓝

的池水,象征着朱莉无法逃避的心灵困境。直至最后一次,

她终于浮出水面。象征着她重新获得力量,告别昔日美好

平静的生活,接受孤独,终于得到心灵的平静。当朱莉冲

出水面的瞬间,不仅仅是象征朱莉自己生活的明灯重新被点燃,带给观众的是无限的想象空间,超越出作品之外对人生的思考,对自由和孤独的重新诠释。这就是基耶斯洛夫斯基赋予该片的哲学内涵之一:人生来就不能获得自由,真正的自由是永远走向孤独。这就是影片主题带给观众有限到无限的意念。

此外,每次朱莉在蓝色的泳池游泳的时候都会出现这样一种对比的画面。在泳池下面的世界是安静的,但当朱莉把头露出水面的时候,她丈夫创作的最后一首音乐就会响起,并且以一种巨大的声响笼罩着她,加上蓝色的泳池,这就象征着她的思想的不自由,她一直逃避面对丈夫和小女儿的死亡,逃避这种巨大的痛苦,她渴望精神上的自由。

作文五:《《红字》中象征手法的运用》26800字

题目:《红字》中象征手法的运用

摘要: 霍桑是一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家,同时也是19世纪美国杰出的象征主义先驱。他用三年时间完成的《红字》充满了华丽的语言和奇异的想象。作品不仅在美国而且在世界文坛都很著名。小说的主题是挖掘人性的罪恶。通过描写海丝特和丁梅斯代尔的爱情悲剧,表现了霍桑对清教徒主义和加尔文主义的反抗。为了显现主题,象征主义起了重要的作用,这也是霍桑著名的艺术特征之一。有些象征是明显的,有些是模糊的,但无论怎样,都是通过作者深思熟虑过的。如果没有象征主义,小说的主题就不会表达的如此生动感人。这篇论文主要集中于象征主义,小说围绕着红色的“A”的象征性展开描写,除了“A”,小说中的环境也有象征性。此外,四个主要人物的名字也有象征性:海丝特,丁梅斯代尔,奇林沃思,珠儿。《红字》是一部极具象征性的小说。象征手法的成功运用,使得这部作品显得隐晦、意义含糊、模棱两可,但毫无疑问,在很大程度上,也正是这一艺术表现手法的成功运用,大大增添了这部名著的神秘与魅力,使得这部小说成为霍桑的杰作,令人回味无穷。    关键词:象征;环境;模糊性

Title: Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

Abstract: Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist as well as distinguished forerunner of symbolism in the nineteenth century in America. With his beautiful language and fanciful imagination, he wrote his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter in three years’ efforts, which made him well-know not only in American but also in world literature .The theme of the novel is to unearth the sin and evil in human’ heart. Through the tragic love between Hester and Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows his rebellion against Puritanism and Calvinism. In order to display the theme, symbolism plays an important role. Some of the symbols are obvious while some obscure, but no matter what they are, they are all out of the

cannot be expressed so vividly and impressively. This thesis mainly concentrates on symbolism. The novel revolves around one major symbol: the scarlet letter. Besides, some other environments that are described in the novel have their symbolic meanings. Moreover the names of the four major characters’: Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Pearl also have their symbolic meanings .The Scarlet Letter is a much symbolic novel. Hawthorne’s applications of symbolism dose arouse some confusion, and give the book a certain air of mystery. However have just lies in the everlasting charm of the book.

Key words: symbolism; environment; ambiguity

Contents

I.  Introduction ····················································································6 II. Symbolic “A” ··················································································7

2. Alienation

3. Ability, Angel, Admiration 1.Adultery ·················································································7  ···············································································8·················································· 8 III. Symbolic Natural Environment ·················································10

1. Prison and Scaffold ·····························································10

2. Rose-bush ·············································································10

3. Forest and Stream ································································10 4. Light and Darkness ·····························································11 IV. Symbolic Names of Characters’ ·················································12

1. Hester ····················································································12

2. Dimmesdale ·········································································13

3. Chillingworth ·······································································14 4. Pear ·······················································································15 V. Conclusion ······················································································18

Notes ····································································································19 Bibliography·························································································20

I. Introduction

Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the leading American writers of his century. He was the representative of transcendentalists together with Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and so on. Hawthorne’s masterpiece The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850. With the appearance of The Scarlet Letter, he became famous as the greatest writer of fiction. Over the years, his reputation has increased, and many biographical and critical studies have been done about him and his works. His influence upon the Chinese reader is also being greater and greater.

In The Scarlet Letter all elements of his thinking and aesthetics seem to find an adequate expression .The novel, with the background of New England life in Colonial period, describes a young girl called Hester Prynne, she is bound up with the illegal marriage, and publicly exposed for adultery, however, she reconstructs herself in spirit owing to atoning for her crime for a long time. The story is simple but very moving.

In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne remarkably handles the puritan background, and carefully unfolds the deep shadows from which the grim tragedy naturally proceeds. The dominating theme of the novel, like that in many of Hawthorne’s other novels is about sin and its consequences, around which the moods created are those of repentance, sorrow, and despair. Moreover, all those moods are woven so consistently, naturally and harmoniously into the story that its characters, action, and setting blend into a delicate but enduring work of art. In it, Hawthorne also gives a scrutinized analysis of the moral problem of his own age through a remarkably vivid picture of the New England past. His excellent sense of the past

and historical reconstructions about such things as witchcraft, the puritan influence, the theocratic society and his adherence to details are fully expressed in it. In addition, this novel is suffused with allegory and symbolism, metaphors and similes abound, most of which are stirringly fresh and effective: and the masterly use of the three dominating colors of black, red, and gray .All contribute to the vivid expression on symbolism: symbolic “A”, symbolic natural environment and symbolic four characters’ names meanings.

II. Symbolic “A”

In the novel, the scarlet capital letter “A” changes its meaning many different times, so it’s ambiguous. This change is significant. It shows growth in characters and the munity in which they live. The letter “A” begins as a symbol of sin. It then bees a symbol of solitude and alienation, and finally it bees a symbol of the word “Able”, “Angel”, and “Admirable”.

The letter “A” is the first letter of the word “Adultery”. It is considered as “the mark of guilt” when it appears at the first time, for Hester mits the crime of adultery, in accordance with the stern puritan laws she is made to stand in the public scaffold with her illegitimate child and to wear the letter A embroidered on her dress. The puritan treatment continues. As Hester walks through the streets, she will be looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that mits a terrible crime. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. “Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment.” [1] Hester is ashamed of her sin, but she could not escape it. Though she is ashamed, she also receives her great treasure —Pearl, as her only source of survival! She is a very strong woman to be able to hold up so well against what she must face. Other people will have fled Boston,

and seek a place where no one knows of her terrible sin. That Hester chooses to stay there shows a lot of strength and integrity of her.

The scarlet letter “A” also stands for Hester’s lonely life in New England. After she is released, Hester lives in a cottage near the outskirts of the city. “It had been built by an earlier settler, and abandoned, because the soil about it was too sterile for cultivation, while its parative remoteness put it out of the sphere of that social activity which already marked the habits of the emigrants.” [2] Hester’s social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful history:

However, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged

to it. Every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she came to contact, implied, and often expressed, that she was banished, and as much alone as if she inhabited another sphere, or municated with the mon nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind. She stood apart from moral interests…seemed to be the sole portion that she retained in the universal heart. [3]

Hester has no friends in the world, and little Pearl is the only panion of her lonely life, so the scarlet letter “A” is also a symbol of the words “Alone” and “Alienate”.

Later the scarlet letter “A” also stands for Hester’s ability and virtuous hearts. So the scarlet letter “A” changes its meaning into being “Able”, “Angel”, and “Admirable”. Hester is skillful in her beautiful needlework. The scarlet letter first shows her terrific skill. She stitches a large A onto her dress with gold tread, giving the letter an air of elegance. And her excellent needlework for the rich allows her to

maintain a fairly lifestyle. Furthermore she tries her best to help the poor and the sick although she is really poor too:

The letter was the symbol in her…so much power to do, and

power to sympathies…that many people refused to interpret the scarlet letter “A” by its original signification. They said that is meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength… [4]

Gradually, people begin to regard Hester as a diligent kindhearted and able woman. “Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester—the town’s own Hester—who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so fortable to the afflicted!” [5] Till now Hester bees a highly respected person in puritan society by overing one of the harshest punishments, the scarlet letter. This object on her bosom, however, does the exact opposite of that which it was meant for. Eventually, Hester inverts all the adds against here due to her courage, pride and effort. Hester t beyond the letter of the law and did everything asked for here in order to prove that she is able. At last, Hester became quite a popular seamstress, admired all over the town of Boston for her work. Thou, the letter “A” meant “Angel” in their eyes.

The changes in The Scarlet Letter are significant. They show the progressive possession of her sin, her lonely, and her ability. Hester is a strong woman who goes through more emotional torture than that of most people go through in a lifetime.

III. Symbolic Natural Environment

In The Scarlet Letter, most of the environments that are described have many symbolic meanings.

The novel begins with the description of the prison “wooden jail was already marked with weather stains and other indications of age, which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.” [6] The rusting iron on the prison creates an overall appearance of decay. It symbolizes “the civilization of the society.” In The Scarlet Letter, the scaffold is viewed more as a place of judgment. “Meagre…was the sympathy that a transgressor might look for, form such bystanders, at the scaffold.”[7] The tty-four chapters of The Scarlet Letter are closely knitted together by means of the scaffold scenes that appear three times, almost symmetrically, in the beginning, the middle, and the end of the book, each time bringing the four major characters. (Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Pearl) Indeed, the prison and the scaffold are the symbols for the puritanical severity of law. It shows the rigorous enforcement of law and the inability to break free of them.

In the first chapter, “on one side of the portal, and roots almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush…in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.”[8] The rosebush is a symbol of passion. Hester’s sin is one kind of passion, thus her crime is linked to the image of the rosebush. The rosebush in full bloom indicates that Hester is at the peak of the passion. And Hawthorne ments that the rosebush may serve as a “moral blossom.” Compared to the child Pearl.

It is in the forest that Hester and Dimmesdale had met for several times, so the forest also has its symbolic meaning. The forest represents love or the wildness where the strict morals of the puritan munity cannot apply. Thus Hester always

meets with Arthur and later she makes her home on the outskirts of the city, directly on the edge of the woods. It shows that Hester does not live under the strict puritanical moral code, but rather tries to live in a place of limbo between the moral and the immoral universe simultaneously. The stream in the forest also has its special meaning. In the chapter nineteen, Pearl refuses to cross the stream on the other side of the boundary, even though her parents think they can run away. “I have a strange fancy, that this brook is the boundary between two worlds, and that thou canst never meet thy Pearl again.”[9] This brook is the boundary of two world—the child and the parents; And it shows that the two lovers an never really meet their daughter.

As the author mentioned earlier, The Scarlet Letter is pervaded with symbolism. Some prominent and plex symbols have already been revealed. However the novel also revolves around two other major symbols: light and darkness and the scarlet letter A!

The novel is filled with light and darkness symbols because they represent the most mon battle of all time, good versus evil. When Hester and her daughter are walking in the forest, Pearl exclaims: “Mother, the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom. Now See! There it is, playing a good way off. Stand you here, and let me run and catch it. I am but a child. It will not flee from me, for I wear nothing on my bosom yet.”[10] At that time Hester tries to stretch her hand into the circle of light, but the sunshine vanishes. This short scene actually represents Hester’s daily struggle in her life. The light represents what Hester wants to be, which is pure. The movement of the light represents Hester’s constant denial of acceptance. Hester’s lack of surprise and quick suggestion to go into the forest, where is dark,

shows that she never expected to be admitted and is resigned to her station in life. Another way light and darkness is used in symbolism is in the way Hester and Dimmesdale’s plan to escape is doomed. Hester and Dimmesdale meet in the shadows of the forest with a gloomy sky and a threatening storm overhead when they discuss their plans for the future. The gloomy weather and shadows exemplify the fact that they can’t get away from the repressive force of their sins. It is later proven when Dimmesdale dies on the scaffold, instead of leaving with Hester and going to England. A final example occurs in the fact that Hester and Dimmesdale cannot acknowledge their love in front of others. When they meet in the woods, they feel that: “No golden light had ever been so precious as the gloomy of this dark forest.”[11] This emotion foretells that they will never get together openly because their sin has separated them far from normal life.

IV. Symbolic Names of Characters’

In pursuit of symbolism, Hawthorne is deliberate to choose Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Pearl as the four main characters’ names.

Hester is the most familiar, beautiful, strong, sinner in the novel. Her passion and beauty dominate every other person. The writer gives her much symbolic meanings by giving her this name. Hester Prynne is the heroine of this novel. She is the symbol of the truth, the goodness and the beauty: “The young woman was tall, a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale, she had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, beside being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of plexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes”[12] Hester refuses to speak out the name of Pearl’s father, and takes over all the punishment by herself. Hester is a brave woman. Though she is punished as an adulteress and spurned by

her villagers, Hester doesn’t show any weakness in public. Hester withstands their insolence and pursues a normal life. She proves her worth through her unmon sewing skills and providing munity service. Even though the people she tries to help often revile the hand that help them. At last, Hester gets their acceptance.

Also Hester is pronounced as hesitate, and it implies that she is hesitant to speak out her lover’s name and to break out the puritan rules to meet her lover publicly. So the name gives a vivid and suitable description of Hester. On the other hand, Hester is the homophone of the word haste. At first, she gets married to Roger Chillingworth, an ugly man who gives his best years to knowledge and cares nothing for her. Not having any mon ideology with him, Hester falls in love with Arthur Dimmesdale hastily and gives birth to Pearl. Hence, she had to wear on the breast of her gown the scarlet letter “A”, which stands for adultery. But in The Scarlet Letter, Hester is tortured physically and mentally for her sin. The punishment of puritan society is somehow too hard in a woman who is led by human instinct.

Dimmesdale, Hester’s secret lover and Chillingworth’s victim, is a well-regarded young minister in puritan prey’s mind. Arthur Dimmesdale’s initials are AD, which also stands for adultery. The author obviously tells us Arthur Dimmesdale is the partner in sin of Hester Prynne by giving him this name. The word Dimmesdale also had many symbolic meaning. “Dim” means obscure, unclearly seen, and “dale” means valley. He loves Hester deeply, and he is the father of Pearl, but he can only love her in the darkness of woods, and hide his guilt in the darkness of his heart. Though he never actually says that he is not the other partner, he implies it by talking of the father in third person, such as: “if thou feelest it to be for thy soul’s peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be

made more effectual to salvation, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer.”[13] In his whole life, he endures the guilt with unbearable pain but dare not speak out the truth and stand together with Hester to confess their sin. As Dimmesdale cannot confess his sin and afraid lose the love and admiration of his parishioners, his life’s work has been dedicated to God, and now his sin has tainted it. He feels that he is a fraud and is not fit to lead the people of the town to salvation. Dimmesdale punishes himself by believing that he can never be redeemed. He feels that he will never been seen the same in the eyes of God, and that no mount of repentance can ever return him to God’s good graces. He hates his hypocrisy to sin, at the same time he has tortured by his sin for so many years. Finally, he admits that he mitted adultery with Hester and that Pearl is his daughter. After it is done, he dies in Hester’s arms, freed from the debilitating burden of his secret. Dimmesdale undergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration. He dies as an honest man, but dies in part of his own hand. Dimmesdale with his hand continually over his heart is the living embodiment of a guilty conscience. The only good that es out of conceding his guilt is that he passes away without any secrets.

Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, like the two other main characters, he is both a victim and a sinner. The word “chilling” and “worth” pose the surname Chillingworth. Every time Chillingworth appears, he often gives the impression: chilling, cold, unbearable. According to those, the author tells us this man is a merciless avenger. He mits the unpardonable sin—the violation of the human heart. After he discovers that his wife bore another man’s child, Chillingworth gives up his independence. He used to be a scholar who dedicated his best years to “feed the hungry dream of knowledge” but his new allegiance

bees finding and slowly punishing the man who seduced his wife. He soon bees obsessed with his new mission in life. Once he targeted Reverend Dimmesdale as the possible parent, he disguises himself as one trust friend of the minister, attaching himself to him as a parishioner. In seven years, he digs into the minister’s heart with keen pleasure. He searches the minister’s thoughts. “He searches into the minister’s dim interior for a long time, and turns over many precious a tread, and as wary an outlook, as a thief entering a chamber where a man lies only half asleep,—or if it may be, broad awake,—with purse to steal the very treasure which this man guards as the apple of his eyes.”[14] When he finally found the scarlet letter “A” on the bosom of the minister, he busted out a ghastly rapture, when he does these; he is turning from a victim to a sinner.

Chillingworth also means that the avenger’s life is worthless. Vengeance is also one of the reasons that Chillingworth gives up his identity. He lives with Dimmesdale and by his side all day, every day. In order to seek revenge, his largest sacrifice is by far, his own life. After spending so much time dwelling on his revenge, Chillingworth forgets that he still has a chance to lead a life of his own. So according, after Dimmesdale reveals his secret to the world, Chillingworth dies less than a year later because he has nothing left to live for. Chillingworth’s life depends on Dimmesdale’s.

Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne, is one of the most plex and misunderstood symbols in the novel. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic symbol—one that is always changing. Pearl was a source of many different kinds of symbolism. She changes from being a living scarlet letter, to a valuable thing with high price, then to the moral in this novel. She is a kind of burden, yet live for Hester. Besides, Pearl is a child of nature, a rosebush and

sunshine.

Initially, Pearl symbolizes the shame of Hester’s punishment for adultery. Then as Pearl grows older, she symbolizes the decimation of Hester’s life and mental state by harassing her mother over the letter A that embroidered on her dress. Although Hester has so much trouble with Pearl, she still treats Pearl as her only treasure. Without Pearl, Hester will feel no joy in her life. In another aspect, Pearl symbolizes God’s way of punishing Hester for adultery and is the readable letter A. If Pearl had never been born, Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery. “She is my happiness! She is my torture; nonetheless Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too!”[15] Pearl is her burden, but Hester loves she deeply. So Pearl is not only her mother’s only treasure, she also her mother’s only source of survival.

Pearl also serves as moral in this novel, the moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully confess their sin and then take responsibility for their sin. The first thing Pearl sees in her infancy is the scarlet letter on her mother’s bosom. As a baby, she even reaches up and touches the letter. That causes her mother intense agony. Later, she plays a game she throws flowers at her mother. When she sees the flowers hit the scarlet letter, she jumps around in glee. She also makes her own letter “A” to wear. Finding that Hester removes the scarlet letter from her chest in the forest, Pearl begins to scream and convulse, and then refuses to cross the stream until Hester reattaches the letter. She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong. With Pearl at her side, Hester will never escape from the punishment of her wrong deed.

Pearl is also a symbol of rosebush. Being from nature she is familiar with nature’s trees and flowers with her innermost feeling. Several times, the author

notes the red rosebush. The rosebush first shows up while describing the terrible prison door, “on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush.”[16] At the governor’s hall, there is also the description of the red rosebush. Pearl refuses to answer clergyman Wilson’s question but declares that: “she had been plucked by her mother off the bush of wild roses, that grew by prison-door.”[17] Here Pearl is described as a rosebush, which is lawless, proud and unyielding. Pearl is the flower of prison. She symbolizes freedom under the high pressure of society. Pearl is also sunshine, which is the source of life, so in Pearl’s nature, there is nothing but this eternal energy that makes her so impressive. This is just what author wants to bestow on Pearl.

V. Conclusion

In closing, one of the most important reasons that The Scarlet Letter is so well known is the way Hawthorne leaves the novel open to be interpreted several different ways by his abundant use of symbolism. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enable Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter develop the theme of the heart as a prison. Hawthorne describes the purpose of the novel when he says: “Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worse, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!”[18] The theme is beneficial because it can be put into term in today’s world. The Scarlet Letter is one of the few books that will be timeless, because it deals with alienation, sin, punishment, and guilt, emotions that will continue to be felt by every generation to e. At the same time, through the tragic love between Hester and Dimmesdale, Hawthorne gives us the deep meaningful lesson: marriage should be based on pure love with aim to make both men and women feel happy in their relationship. So Hawthorne is no doubt a quite

famous symbolism. In The Scarlet Letter, the abundant and unique symbolism has a great influence on the theme of the novel. This eventually leads to different interpretations of the novel, which though sometimes caused differently to the reader, helps a lot in making this novel. Hawthorne’s masterpiece and a rewarding work to read even today. Hopefully, this thesis will help, to some extent, some confused readers of The Scarlet Letter to develop a better understanding of Hawthorne’s novel.

(4241words)

Notes

1.王惠君,王惠玲译. 红字(英汉对照全译)(奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,

2001)54.

2. Ibid. 54.

3. Ibid. 60.

4. Ibid. 186.

5. Ibid. 188.

6. Ibid. 1.

7. Ibid. 4.

8. Ibid. 2.

9. Ibid. 265.

10. Ibid. 222.

11. Ibid. 243.

12. Ibid. 10.

13. Ibid. 33.

14. Ibid. 43.

15. Ibid. 134.

16. Ibid. 105.

17. Ibid. 104.

18. Ibid. 173.

Bibliography

1. Baym, Nina. 2. Nathaniel, Hawthorne. Shanghai: waiyujiaoyanshe, 2001.

3. 常耀信. 美国文学史选读. 天津:南开大学,1991.

4. 崔树芝等. 英美文学史百科全书. 北京高等教育出版社,1990.

5. 常耀信. 美国文学史导读. 天津:南开大学,1990.

6. 曹  曼. 美国文学史指导丛书. 武汉:武汉大学,1999.

7. 吴伟任. 美国文学史选读. 北京:怀柔东晓出版社,1990.

8. 刘建波. 英美文学史选读(美国部分). 北京:高等教育出版社,2001.

9. 秦寿生. 英美文学史选读. 北京:高等教育出版社,2000.

10.熊玉鹏. 红字. 北京:北京燕山,2000.

11.王惠君,王惠玲译.  红字(英汉对照全译)(奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,2001).

作文六:《围城中象征手法的应用》5200字

《围城》中象征手法的应用

李雷生福建师范大学外国语学院英语系福建福州

350007

摘要:象征手法在中国传统的小说中的应用极为罕见。钱锺书,作为三十年代留英学者之一,对中西文化都很捻熟,

《围城》中象征手法随处可见,本文即是对这部小说中的象征手法应用的简单分析.

关键词:象征

“围城”

“鸟笼”

作者简介.李雪生,男,福建师范大学外国语学院2007级研究生,荚语专业,研究方向是世界丈学与比较文学.

[中图分类号]:1206

[文献标识码】:A[文章编号]:1002—2139(201o)_03—0067-02

夏志清的《中国现代小说史》共十九章,有十位作家各发了财,开了家银行。这两家联姻直是金漆呜笼。后来,周家占一篇篇幅。第十六章整章讨论钱锺_f搴的小说,二十九页中有资助鸿渐到海外读书,同国之前,还得违心地去弄了一张假文凭,二十页用来分析钱唯一的长篇《围城》。这是中国现代文学史鸿渐自然有了如鸟在笼的感觉。(方老先生大不谓然,可是儿上的第一次对这篇小说进行如此详尽的处理。在1961年小说史子大了,不敢再把父亲的尊严去威胁他;便信上说,自己深知初版时,夏志清就预见到会有越来越多的学者对《围城》有兴道头衔无用,决不勉强儿子,但周经理出钱不少,终得对他有趣,对《围城》在现代小说史中的地位也会有更清晰的认识。个交代。)可知这资助也不是没有条件的,周家出了钱,当然①五十年后的今天,夏的预言没有落空。以钱锺书的作品为研应该对他有个交代,这正是“从一个鸟笼出来,又进了另一个究对象的论文越来越多,人们搜集钱的作品不遗余力,能够搜鸟笼。”

集到的钱的手稿也已经影印出版,国内还出版过《钱锺书研究》回国的船上也有一个鸟笼等着他。鲍小姐,在旁人眼里是这样的不定期刊物。如今,“钱学”可谓盛况空前。杨绛戏称“又黑又粗,有什么美?”,可是风月场上鸿渐绝不是对手。钱是“大学者兼小说家”,当然,论到在普通读者中钱的著作只一句话“方先生,你教我想起了我的fiance,你相貌和他像最有影响力的还属小说《围城》。

极了!”就引得鸿渐入了彀中。到了香港,鲍小姐竟然不搭理象征手法在中国传统小说中很少自觉的应用,有之,恐怕他的奉承,一副冷若冰霜的样子让鸿渐好生不解。他那里知道,要算《红楼梦》始,但是,既使是《红楼梦》中的象征也只是鲍小姐是逢场作戏,根本不把这种春风一度的露水经历当回事。简单的以物喻人,用事物来寄托人物的命运,使得小说的写作话本小说常用的一句话叫“正是由你奸似鬼,吃了老娘洗脚水”。达到“草蛇厌线,伏脉千里”的效果。钱镭书,由于对西方文可怜鸿渐一个书生不知不觉投入鲍小姐的欲望牢笼,直等到鲍艺的理论和创作都有广泛的了解,在自己的小说实践中对象征小姐撇下他投入未婚大怀抱方才醒悟过来。此后,船上的这一手法自觉应用也就不足为奇了。《围城》一书,其名为《围城》邂逅一直足鸿渐心里回不去的梦魇。

即是一大象征,是小说的中心意象。

周家对鸿渐来说是‘。种经济牢笼,笼子里有食物,代价是“围城”和“金漆的鸟笼”

自由。鸿渐同鲍小姐的关系同样是牢笼,只不过是欲望牢笼。小说的基本主旋律既是:人总是追求不可企及的事物;而真可谓“食色,性也。”

对于唾手可得的东西总是不感到满意。在小说中“围城”的比回到卜海之后,鸿渐除了在周家的银行应个卯之外,无所喻无所不在,既可以代表爱情和婚姻,理想和希望,或者是当事事。对老同学且是l旦|国船上的旅伴苏文纨小姐敬而远之,却时中国的状态:一座被围困的城。“围城”这词在小说中第一喜欢上苏的表妹唐晓荚。而苏文纨巴望着鸿渐会向她求婚,对次出现于酒桌谈话,在座者有方鸿渐、苏文纨、和褚慎明。

追求她的赵辛楣小理不睬。最终,鸿渐并没有赢得唐的欢心,“本来敬一杯,鸿渐只需要喝一两口,现在罚一杯,鸿渐赵辛楣也足铩羽而归。对于鸿渐来说,已经在苏的城里而想冲自知理屈,挨了下去,渐渐觉得另有一个自己离开了身子在说出去,对于唐小姐这座城又不得其门而入。这话用来描述苏文话。慎明道:“关于BertiC结婚离婚的事,我也和他谈过。他纨也很恰当。

引一句英国古话,说结婚仿佛金漆的鸟笼,笼子外面的鸟想住上述人物的男女关系无不说明“城里的想冲出来,城外的进去,笼内的鸟想飞出来;所以结而离,离而结,没有了局。”

想冲进去”这种“围城心态。”

苏小姐道:“法国也有这么一句话.不过,不说是鸟笼,鸿渐在偏僻的三闾大学郁郁不得志,总算在柔嘉这里找到说是被围困的城堡fortresseassi6g6e,城外的人想冲进去,一些安慰。实际上,爱情同样是一具“金漆鸟笼”,在复杂的城里的人想逃出来。鸿渐,是不是?”鸿渐摇头表示不知道.

社会环境下,鸿渐不能施展也无力面对,真好似一只小小鸟,②

根本飞不起来,只好飞入爱情的牢笼。于是,方鸿渐和孙柔嘉交谈时,鸿渐已经喝了洒,有些醉意。“鸿渐给酒摆布得很快就订了婚,由于学校没有和他续约,方离开了三阊大学并失掉自制力”。所以苏小姐问他时他只能摇头了。

在香港结了婚然后回到上海。战时的上海实实在在就是一座围这一幕洒桌谈话把“围城”和“金漆鸟笼”这两种说法都城,方鸿渐町谓是“飞去又飞来”,不过这次多套了一副婚姻引出来,小说的丰旨是不言自明的了。鸿渐头脑糊涂,自然不的牢笼。

能反省,也无从明白自己的生活正是不断摇摆于冲入城里和冲回到上海,鸿渐感觉到结婚生活实在是拘绊太多。柔嘉投出城外之间。

靠姑姑得了个好差事,薪水是鸿渐的两倍,家庭简直就足靠太首先,书中的男女关系反映这个主题。鸿渐在中学时就由太撑着。随着战事的进展,鸿渐辞了工作,没想到柔嘉劝他到家里做主和周家小姐订了婚,在北平上的足男女同校的大学,姑姑手下做事,鸿渐对柔嘉的姑姑向来不屑,根本不可能接受眼见得同学出双入对,忍不住写信给他老太爷要求解除婚约,这份“嗟来之食”。鸿渐义想到要离开这座“围城”,这具“鸟不想让他老太爷一口同绝了。好在天无绝人之路,他的未婚妻笼”。为了这项决定鸿渐还遭太太数落了一番:

得伤寒病去世了,鸿渐自然像出笼的鸟儿意外地在婚姻上重获“我在听你做多少文章。尽管老实讲得了,结了婚四个月,自由身。“鸿渐看了有犯人蒙赦的快活,但对那短命的女孩子,对家里又丑又凶的老婆旱已厌倦了一一压根儿就没爱过她一~也稍微怜悯。”方鸿渐的父亲是一乡之望,而周家则是在上海

有机会远走高飞,为什么不换换新鲜空气.你的好朋友是你的

万方数据

67

救星,逼你结婚是他一一我想着就恨一一帮你恢复自由也是他。”

凑耳朵告诉自己他是谁,忙把被蒙着头,,心跳得像胸膛里容不下.隔被听见辛楣睡觉中咬牙,这声音解除了他的恐怖,使他觉得回到人的世界,探出头来,一件东西从他头边跑过,一阵老鼠叫。他划根火柴,那神经的火焰一跳就熄了,但他已瞥见表上正是十二点钟。孙小姐给火光耀醒翻身,鸿渐问她是不是梦魇,孙小姐告诉他,她梦里像有一双小孩子的手推开她的身体,不许她睡。。.

当夜,两人无法再入睡。天一亮,他们都出啦呼吸新鲜空气,这才发现这屋子后头全是坟。看来这屋就是铲平坟墓造的。火铺屋后不远矗立一个破门框子,屋身烧掉了,只剩这个进出口.这是他们行程的最后一站了.方鸿渐在轿子里想:

今天到学校了,不知是什么样子。反正自己不存奢望。适才火铺屋后那个破门倒是好象征。好像个进口,背后藏着深宫大厦,引得人进去了,原来什么没有,一无可进的进口、一无可去的去处。“撇下一切希望罢,你们这些进来的人!”…

柔嘉说的没错,婚姻在鸿渐看来确实就是“鸟笼”。不过这个笼子任鸿渐怎么也匕不出去,往人里说,人生又何尝不是一具“鸟笼”呢?人就是那只不断匕进匕出的鸟,而人生的状态就是两个字“折腾”。

不过方鸿渐对自己的处境也有顿悟的时候。鸿渐和赵辛楣在上海的感情经历都以失败告终,结伴到内地的i闾人学去任教。从上海出发得先坐一程船,在甲板上方赵二人有一番谈话,鸿渐有一番感慨:

“我还记得那一次褚慎明还是苏小姐讲的什么‘围城’.我近来对人生万事,有这个感想。譬如我当初很希望到三阁大学去,所以接了聘书,近来愈想愈乏味,这时候自恨没有勇气原船退回上海.我经过这一次,不知道何年何月会结婚,不过我想你真娶了苏小姐,滋味也不过尔尔。狗为着追求水里肉骨头的影子,丧失了到嘴的肉骨头!跟爱人如愿以偿结了婚,恐怕那时候肉骨头下肚,倒要对水帐惜这不可再见的影子了.”

这狗和骨头的比喻是“围城”的另一种说法。鸿渐由于身在此山中,自己认识/卜到哪次追求的足骨头,哪次又是水中倒影,只好漫尤目的地在人生的围城中冲进冲出了。

“围城”足这本同名小说的中心意象。另有一两处象征的应用不可不提。在向三间大学进发的半途中,鸿渐一众人等在小山村的一个客店住宿,条件当然好不了:

“别压住我好容易睡熟了,梦深处一个小声音带哭嚷道:的红棉袄!别压住我的红棉袄!”鸿渐本能地身子滚开,意识

跳跃似的清醒过来,头边一声叹息,轻微得只像被遏抑的情感偷偷在呼吸。他吓得汗毛直竖,黑暗里什么都瞧不见,想划根火柴,又怕真照见了什么东西,辛楣正打鼾,远处一条狗在叫.他定一定神,笑自己活见鬼,又神经松懈要睡,似乎有什么力量拒绝他睡,把他的身心撑起,撑起,不让他安顿下去,半睡半醒间(云爱)(云逮)地感到醒的时候,一个人是轻松悬空的,一睡熟就沉重了。正挣扎着,他听邻近孙小姐呼吸颤促像欲哭不能,注意力警醒一集中,睡又消散了,耳边清清楚楚地一声叹息,仿佛工作完毕的吐口气。鸿渐头一侧,躲避那张叹气的嘴,喉舌都给恐怖干结住了,叫不出“谁呀”两字,只怕那张嘴会

这一路上的种种古怪经历和对鸿渐及柔嘉二人的梦魇的刻画都暗示着鸿渐要去的地方不会理想,而是4个荒唐的所在。三间大学需要的不足高明的学者,而是要依赖学校安身立命的一群fu丁怜虫。幸亏高校长的理想并不是办好学校,而是管好学校。鸿渐一到学校就吃了一记杀威棒,由于在上交学校的表格中没有列出博十学位,他只得到副教授的待遇,而不是学校聘任函上所称的教授。接下来发生的不愉快都印证了来学校途中所做的梦。正如在梦中一样,他和柔嘉不是“受挤”就足“被压”“不让他安顿下去”,这一方所在“引得人进去了,原来什么没有.”钱锺书先生以途中梦魇来影射三闾人学中的种种魑魅魍魉应该也称得上是“伏脉千里”吧。

注释:

[1]参见夏志清,《中国现代小说史》(中文大学出版社,2001),第374页。

[2]钱锺书,《围城》(人民文学出版社,1980),第89页。[3]钱锺书,《围城》(人民文学f{{版社,1980),第323页。[4]钱锺书,《围城》(人民文学出版社,1980),第131页。[5]钱锺书,《围城》(人民文学出版社,1980),第177页。

(上接第66页)

路。都是一个转折点。李清照连遭家亡、丧夫、失盗、系狱之难,此后李清照孤寂无依,饱尝颠沛流离之苦。

国家的变乱,家庭生活的变化,对李清照的思想产生了深刻的影响。她即悲痛家世的沦替,更悲痛国家的破亡。在李清照南渡后期的词里,主要表现的是她国破家亡的凄惨心境和深沉的感伤情绪,如:

物是人非事事休,欲语泪先流。(《武陵春》)

寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。(《声声慢》)

“物是人非事事休”,正是词人晚年生活的沉痛写照,亡国之痛、孀居之悲.沦落之苦。《声声慢》是李清照一生的总括。词墨所写皆眼Ii{『景、琐碎事,然而J下是这些常景琐事经词人巧妙的组合起来,使我们透过作品所描绘的事物和抒发的感情,看到一个孤寂空虚,百无聊赖而又凄苦愁闷的古代妇女形象。家图的残破,境遇的茕独,在精神感到极度苦闷的时候,希望从外界找到一砦安慰与寄托,得以排遣一下内心的悲哀与苦闷。然而,寻寻觅觅的结果只是“冷冷清清”而已,这更增加了词人内心的痛苦。这里词人连用十四叠字,层层推进,写出了词人“推愁不去还相觅”的悲惨心境,构成了浓郁的富有感染力的意境。这种艺术的境界,益发使人感受的国破家亡的惨痛。

晚年李清照漂泊东南,无依无靠,无时无刻不在怀恋故乡,因为国破才导致了家亡,所以她的乡思无疑含有亡国之恨,较

有代表性的作品是她的词《永遇乐、元宵》词中表现了李清照晚年漂泊生活中深怀国破家亡之恨的复杂情感。词中通过同是“元宵佳节的今非夕比,对当年的“中州盛日”进行了亲切而凄楚的回忆。词中还对偷安南避的投降派和庸碌之辈不知亡国恨的精神面貌给予揭露和批判。

如果说李清照前期的创作表现出的是敏感的青年妇女所具有的精神苦闷、爱情心理、以及对个性自由的艨胧欲望:那么她后期的创作则是以民族情绪和爱国情感为牛题,在fj{『期哀愁伤感的基础上更悲怆、沉郁,情感的忧郁也更加深刻化。在当时社会历史条件下,李清照作为一名上层妇女,她不可能为民建立其他功业,而凡是在当时条件下她能做到的,她已尽了自己最大的努力。

参考文献:

[1]《四大才女之——李清照全传》【2]《李清照传》[3]‘诗说隽永》

[4]‘李清照资料汇编》[5]‘李清照诗词集》

万方数据

作文七:《《红字》中象征手法的运用》27200字

廊坊师范学院

本科生毕业论文

题目:《红字》中象征手法的运用

姓名:马丽娜

指导教师:安晓红

系别:英语系

专业:英语教育

年级:02接本

完成时间  2004年5月20日

Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

By

Ma Lina

Prof: An Xiaohong

Submitted to the B.A. mittee in partial

fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department of Langfang Teachers College.

2004/5/20

题目:《红字》中象征手法的运用

摘要: 霍桑是一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家,同时也是19世纪美国杰出的象征主义先驱。他用三年时间完成的《红字》充满了华丽的语言和奇异的想象。作品不仅在美国而且在世界文坛都很著名。小说的主题是挖掘人性的罪恶。通过描写海丝特和丁梅斯代尔的爱情悲剧,表现了霍桑对清教徒主义和加尔文主义的反抗。为了显现主题,象征主义起了重要的作用,这也是霍桑著名的艺术特征之一。有些象征是明显的,有些是模糊的,但无论怎样,都是通过作者深思熟虑过的。如果没有象征主义,小说的主题就不会表达的如此生动感人。这篇论文主要集中于象征主义,小说围绕着红色的“A”的象征性展开描写,除了“A”,小说中的环境也有象征性。此外,四个主要人物的名字也有象征性:海丝特,丁梅斯代尔,奇林沃思,珠儿。《红字》是一部极具象征性的小说。象征手法的成功运用,使得这部作品显得隐晦、意义含糊、模棱两可,但毫无疑问,在很大程度上,也正是这一艺术表现手法的成功运用,大大增添了这部名著的神秘与魅力,使得这部小说成为霍桑的杰作,令人回味无穷。

关键词:象征;环境;模糊性

Title: Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

Abstract: Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist as well as distinguished forerunner of symbolism in the nineteenth century in America. With his beautiful language and fanciful imagination, he wrote his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter in three years’ efforts, which made him well-know not only in American but also in world literature .The theme of the novel is to unearth the sin and evil in human’ heart. Through the tragic love between Hester and Dimmesdale, Hawthorne shows his rebellion against Puritanism and Calvinism. In order to display the theme, symbolism plays an important role. Some of the symbols are obvious while some obscure, but no matter what they are, they are all out of the author’s deliberate imagination .So without the symbolism, the theme of the novel cannot be expressed so vividly and impressively. This thesis mainly concentrates on symbolism. The novel revolves around one major symbol: the scarlet letter. Besides, some other environments that are described in the novel have their symbolic meanings. Moreover the names of the four major characters’: Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Pearl also have their symbolic meanings .The Scarlet Letter is a much symbolic novel. Hawthorne’s applications of symbolism dose arouse some confusion, and give the book a certain air of mystery. However have just lies in the everlasting charm of the book.

Key words: symbolism; environment; ambiguity

Contents

I.  Introduction ····················································································6 II. Symbolic “A” ··················································································

1. 7

Adultery ·················································································7

2.  ···············································································

Alienation8

3.Ability, Angel, Admiration ··················································8

III. Symbolic Natural Environment ·················································10

1. Prison and Scaffold ·····························································10

2. Rose-bush ·············································································10

3. Forest and Stream ································································10

4. Light and Darkness ·····························································11

IV. Symbolic Names of Characters’ ·················································12

1. Hester ····················································································12

2. Dimmesdale ·········································································13

3. Chillingworth ·······································································14

4. Pear ·······················································································15

V. Conclusion ······················································································18 Notes ····································································································19 Bibliography ·························································································20

I. Introduction

Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the leading American writers of his century. He was the representative of transcendentalists together with Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and so on. Hawthorne’s masterpiece The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850. With the appearance of The Scarlet Letter, he became famous as the greatest writer of fiction. Over the years, his reputation has increased, and many biographical and critical studies have been done about him and his works. His influence upon the Chinese reader is also being greater and greater.

In The Scarlet Letter all elements of his thinking and aesthetics seem to find an adequate expression .The novel, with the background of New England life in Colonial period, describes a young girl called Hester Prynne, she is bound up with the illegal marriage, and publicly exposed for adultery, however, she reconstructs herself in spirit owing to atoning for her crime for a long time. The story is simple but very moving.

In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne remarkably handles the puritan background, and carefully unfolds the deep shadows from which the grim tragedy naturally proceeds. The dominating theme of the novel, like that in many of Hawthorne’s other novels is about sin and its consequences, around which the moods created are those of repentance, sorrow, and despair. Moreover, all those moods are woven so consistently, naturally and harmoniously into the story that its characters, action, and setting blend into a delicate but enduring work of art. In it, Hawthorne also gives a scrutinized analysis of the moral problem of his own age through a remarkably vivid picture of the New England past. His excellent sense of the past and historical reconstructions about such things as witchcraft, the puritan influence, the theocratic society and his adherence to details are fully expressed in it. In

addition, this novel is suffused with allegory and symbolism, metaphors and similes abound, most of which are stirringly fresh and effective: and the masterly use of the three dominating colors of black, red, and gray .All contribute to the vivid expression on symbolism: symbolic “A”, symbolic natural environment and symbolic four characters’ names meanings.

II. Symbolic “A”

In the novel, the scarlet capital letter “A” changes its meaning many different times, so it’s ambiguous. This change is significant. It shows growth in characters and the munity in which they live. The letter “A” begins as a symbol of sin. It then bees a symbol of solitude and alienation, and finally it bees a symbol of the word “Able”, “Angel”, and “Admirable”.

The letter “A” is the first letter of the word “Adultery”. It is considered as “the mark of guilt” when it appears at the first time, for Hester mits the crime of adultery, in accordance with the stern puritan laws she is made to stand in the public scaffold with her illegitimate child and to wear the letter A embroidered on her dress. The puritan treatment continues. As Hester walks through the streets, she will be looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that mits a terrible crime. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. “Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment.” [1] Hester is ashamed of her sin, but she could not escape it. Though she is ashamed, she also receives her great treasure —Pearl, as her only source of survival! She is a very strong woman to be able to hold up so well against what she must face. Other people will have fled Boston, and seek a place where no one knows of her terrible sin. That Hester chooses to

stay there shows a lot of strength and integrity of her.

The scarlet letter “A” also stands for Hester’s lonely life in New England. After she is released, Hester lives in a cottage near the outskirts of the city. “It had been built by an earlier settler, and abandoned, because the soil about it was too sterile for cultivation, while its parative remoteness put it out of the sphere of that social activity which already marked the habits of the emigrants.” [2] Hester’s social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful history:

However, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged

to it. Every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she came to contact, implied, and often expressed, that she was banished, and as much alone as if she inhabited another sphere, or municated with the mon nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind. She stood apart from moral interests…seemed to be the sole portion that she retained in the universal heart. [3]

Hester has no friends in the world, and little Pearl is the only panion of her lonely life, so the scarlet letter “A” is also a symbol of the words “Alone” and “Alienate”.

Later the scarlet letter “A” also stands for Hester’s ability and virtuous hearts. So the scarlet letter “A” changes its meaning into being “Able”, “Angel”, and “Admirable”. Hester is skillful in her beautiful needlework. The scarlet letter first shows her terrific skill. She stitches a large A onto her dress with gold tread, giving the letter an air of elegance. And her excellent needlework for the rich allows her to maintain a fairly lifestyle. Furthermore she tries her best to help the poor and the

sick although she is really poor too:

The letter was the symbol in her…so much power to do, and

power to sympathies…that many people refused to interpret the scarlet letter “A” by its original signification. They said that is meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength… [4]

Gradually, people begin to regard Hester as a diligent kindhearted and able woman. “Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester—the town’s own Hester—who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so fortable to the afflicted!” [5] Till now Hester bees a highly respected person in puritan society by overing one of the harshest punishments, the scarlet letter. This object on her bosom, however, does the exact opposite of that which it was meant for. Eventually, Hester inverts all the adds against here due to her courage, pride and effort. Hester t beyond the letter of the law and did everything asked for here in order to prove that she is able. At last, Hester became quite a popular seamstress, admired all over the town of Boston for her work. Thou, the letter “A” meant “Angel” in their eyes.

The changes in The Scarlet Letter are significant. They show the progressive possession of her sin, her lonely, and her ability. Hester is a strong woman who goes through more emotional torture than that of most people go through in a lifetime.

III. Symbolic Natural Environment

In The Scarlet Letter, most of the environments that are described have many

symbolic meanings.

The novel begins with the description of the prison “wooden jail was already marked with weather stains and other indications of age, which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.” [6] The rusting iron on the prison creates an overall appearance of decay. It symbolizes “the civilization of the society.” In The Scarlet Letter, the scaffold is viewed more as a place of judgment. “Meagre…was the sympathy that a transgressor might look for, form such bystanders, at the scaffold.”[7] The tty-four chapters of The Scarlet Letter are closely knitted together by means of the scaffold scenes that appear three times, almost symmetrically, in the beginning, the middle, and the end of the book, each time bringing the four major characters. (Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Pearl) Indeed, the prison and the scaffold are the symbols for the puritanical severity of law. It shows the rigorous enforcement of law and the inability to break free of them.

In the first chapter, “on one side of the portal, and roots almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush…in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.”[8] The rosebush is a symbol of passion. Hester’s sin is one kind of passion, thus her crime is linked to the image of the rosebush. The rosebush in full bloom indicates that Hester is at the peak of the passion. And Hawthorne ments that the rosebush may serve as a “moral blossom.” Compared to the child Pearl.

It is in the forest that Hester and Dimmesdale had met for several times, so the forest also has its symbolic meaning. The forest represents love or the wildness where the strict morals of the puritan munity cannot apply. Thus Hester always meets with Arthur and later she makes her home on the outskirts of the city, directly

on the edge of the woods. It shows that Hester does not live under the strict puritanical moral code, but rather tries to live in a place of limbo between the moral and the immoral universe simultaneously. The stream in the forest also has its special meaning. In the chapter nineteen, Pearl refuses to cross the stream on the other side of the boundary, even though her parents think they can run away. “I have a strange fancy, that this brook is the boundary between two worlds, and that thou canst never meet thy Pearl again.”[9] This brook is the boundary of two world—the child and the parents; And it shows that the two lovers an never really meet their daughter.

As the author mentioned earlier, The Scarlet Letter is pervaded with symbolism. Some prominent and plex symbols have already been revealed. However the novel also revolves around two other major symbols: light and darkness and the scarlet letter A!

The novel is filled with light and darkness symbols because they represent the most mon battle of all time, good versus evil. When Hester and her daughter are walking in the forest, Pearl exclaims: “Mother, the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom. Now See! There it is, playing a good way off. Stand you here, and let me run and catch it. I am but a child. It will not flee from me, for I wear nothing on my bosom yet.”[10] At that time Hester tries to stretch her hand into the circle of light, but the sunshine vanishes. This short scene actually represents Hester’s daily struggle in her life. The light represents what Hester wants to be, which is pure. The movement of the light represents Hester’s constant denial of acceptance. Hester’s lack of surprise and quick suggestion to go into the forest, where is dark, shows that she never expected to be admitted and is resigned to her station in life.

Another way light and darkness is used in symbolism is in the way Hester and Dimmesdale’s plan to escape is doomed. Hester and Dimmesdale meet in the shadows of the forest with a gloomy sky and a threatening storm overhead when they discuss their plans for the future. The gloomy weather and shadows exemplify the fact that they can’t get away from the repressive force of their sins. It is later proven when Dimmesdale dies on the scaffold, instead of leaving with Hester and going to England. A final example occurs in the fact that Hester and Dimmesdale cannot acknowledge their love in front of others. When they meet in the woods, they feel that: “No golden light had ever been so precious as the gloomy of this dark forest.”[11] This emotion foretells that they will never get together openly because their sin has separated them far from normal life.

IV. Symbolic Names of Characters’

In pursuit of symbolism, Hawthorne is deliberate to choose Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Pearl as the four main characters’ names.

Hester is the most familiar, beautiful, strong, sinner in the novel. Her passion and beauty dominate every other person. The writer gives her much symbolic meanings by giving her this name. Hester Prynne is the heroine of this novel. She is the symbol of the truth, the goodness and the beauty: “The young woman was tall, a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale, she had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, beside being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of plexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes”[12] Hester refuses to speak out the name of Pearl’s father, and takes over all the punishment by herself. Hester is a brave woman. Though she is punished as an adulteress and spurned by

her villagers, Hester doesn’t show any weakness in public. Hester withstands their insolence and pursues a normal life. She proves her worth through her unmon sewing skills and providing munity service. Even though the people she tries to help often revile the hand that help them. At last, Hester gets their acceptance.

Also Hester is pronounced as hesitate, and it implies that she is hesitant to speak out her lover’s name and to break out the puritan rules to meet her lover publicly. So the name gives a vivid and suitable description of Hester. On the other hand, Hester is the homophone of the word haste. At first, she gets married to Roger Chillingworth, an ugly man who gives his best years to knowledge and cares nothing for her. Not having any mon ideology with him, Hester falls in love with Arthur Dimmesdale hastily and gives birth to Pearl. Hence, she had to wear on the breast of her gown the scarlet letter “A”, which stands for adultery. But in The Scarlet Letter, Hester is tortured physically and mentally for her sin. The punishment of puritan society is somehow too hard in a woman who is led by human instinct.

Dimmesdale, Hester’s secret lover and Chillingworth’s victim, is a well-regarded young minister in puritan prey’s mind. Arthur Dimmesdale’s initials are AD, which also stands for adultery. The author obviously tells us Arthur Dimmesdale is the partner in sin of Hester Prynne by giving him this name. The word Dimmesdale also had many symbolic meaning. “Dim” means obscure, unclearly seen, and “dale” means valley. He loves Hester deeply, and he is the father of Pearl, but he can only love her in the darkness of woods, and hide his guilt in the darkness of his heart. Though he never actually says that he is not the other partner, he implies it by talking of the father in third person, such as: “if thou feelest it to be for thy soul’s peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be

made more effectual to salvation, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer.”[13] In his whole life, he endures the guilt with unbearable pain but dare not speak out the truth and stand together with Hester to confess their sin. As Dimmesdale cannot confess his sin and afraid lose the love and admiration of his parishioners, his life’s work has been dedicated to God, and now his sin has tainted it. He feels that he is a fraud and is not fit to lead the people of the town to salvation. Dimmesdale punishes himself by believing that he can never be redeemed. He feels that he will never been seen the same in the eyes of God, and that no mount of repentance can ever return him to God’s good graces. He hates his hypocrisy to sin, at the same time he has tortured by his sin for so many years. Finally, he admits that he mitted adultery with Hester and that Pearl is his daughter. After it is done, he dies in Hester’s arms, freed from the debilitating burden of his secret. Dimmesdale undergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration. He dies as an honest man, but dies in part of his own hand. Dimmesdale with his hand continually over his heart is the living embodiment of a guilty conscience. The only good that es out of conceding his guilt is that he passes away without any secrets.

Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, like the two other main characters, he is both a victim and a sinner. The word “chilling” and “worth” pose the surname Chillingworth. Every time Chillingworth appears, he often gives the impression: chilling, cold, unbearable. According to those, the author tells us this man is a merciless avenger. He mits the unpardonable sin—the violation of the human heart. After he discovers that his wife bore another man’s child, Chillingworth gives up his independence. He used to be a scholar who dedicated his best years to “feed the hungry dream of knowledge” but his new allegiance

bees finding and slowly punishing the man who seduced his wife. He soon bees obsessed with his new mission in life. Once he targeted Reverend Dimmesdale as the possible parent, he disguises himself as one trust friend of the minister, attaching himself to him as a parishioner. In seven years, he digs into the minister’s heart with keen pleasure. He searches the minister’s thoughts. “He searches into the minister’s dim interior for a long time, and turns over many precious a tread, and as wary an outlook, as a thief entering a chamber where a man lies only half asleep,—or if it may be, broad awake,—with purse to steal the very treasure which this man guards as the apple of his eyes.”[14] When he finally found the scarlet letter “A” on the bosom of the minister, he busted out a ghastly rapture, when he does these; he is turning from a victim to a sinner.

Chillingworth also means that the avenger’s life is worthless. Vengeance is also one of the reasons that Chillingworth gives up his identity. He lives with Dimmesdale and by his side all day, every day. In order to seek revenge, his largest sacrifice is by far, his own life. After spending so much time dwelling on his revenge, Chillingworth forgets that he still has a chance to lead a life of his own. So according, after Dimmesdale reveals his secret to the world, Chillingworth dies less than a year later because he has nothing left to live for. Chillingworth’s life depends on Dimmesdale’s.

Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne, is one of the most plex and misunderstood symbols in the novel. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic symbol—one that is always changing. Pearl was a source of many different kinds of symbolism. She changes from being a living scarlet letter, to a valuable thing with high price, then to the moral in this novel. She is a kind of burden, yet live for Hester. Besides, Pearl is a child of nature, a rosebush and

sunshine.

Initially, Pearl symbolizes the shame of Hester’s punishment for adultery. Then as Pearl grows older, she symbolizes the decimation of Hester’s life and mental state by harassing her mother over the letter A that embroidered on her dress. Although Hester has so much trouble with Pearl, she still treats Pearl as her only treasure. Without Pearl, Hester will feel no joy in her life. In another aspect, Pearl symbolizes God’s way of punishing Hester for adultery and is the readable letter A. If Pearl had never been born, Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery. “She is my happiness! She is my torture; nonetheless Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too!”[15] Pearl is her burden, but Hester loves she deeply. So Pearl is not only her mother’s only treasure, she also her mother’s only source of survival.

Pearl also serves as moral in this novel, the moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully confess their sin and then take responsibility for their sin. The first thing Pearl sees in her infancy is the scarlet letter on her mother’s bosom. As a baby, she even reaches up and touches the letter. That causes her mother intense agony. Later, she plays a game she throws flowers at her mother. When she sees the flowers hit the scarlet letter, she jumps around in glee. She also makes her own letter “A” to wear. Finding that Hester removes the scarlet letter from her chest in the forest, Pearl begins to scream and convulse, and then refuses to cross the stream until Hester reattaches the letter. She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong. With Pearl at her side, Hester will never escape from the punishment of her wrong deed.

Pearl is also a symbol of rosebush. Being from nature she is familiar with nature’s trees and flowers with her innermost feeling. Several times, the author

notes the red rosebush. The rosebush first shows up while describing the terrible prison door, “on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush.”[16] At the governor’s hall, there is also the description of the red rosebush. Pearl refuses to answer clergyman Wilson’s question but declares that: “she had been plucked by her mother off the bush of wild roses, that grew by prison-door.”[17] Here Pearl is described as a rosebush, which is lawless, proud and unyielding. Pearl is the flower of prison. She symbolizes freedom under the high pressure of society. Pearl is also sunshine, which is the source of life, so in Pearl’s nature, there is nothing but this eternal energy that makes her so impressive. This is just what author wants to bestow on Pearl.

V. Conclusion

In closing, one of the most important reasons that The Scarlet Letter is so well known is the way Hawthorne leaves the novel open to be interpreted several different ways by his abundant use of symbolism. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enable Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter develop the theme of the heart as a prison. Hawthorne describes the purpose of the novel when he says: “Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worse, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!”[18] The theme is beneficial because it can be put into term in today’s world. The Scarlet Letter is one of the few books that will be timeless, because it deals with alienation, sin, punishment, and guilt, emotions that will continue to be felt by every generation to e. At the same time, through the tragic love between Hester and Dimmesdale, Hawthorne gives us the deep meaningful lesson: marriage should be based on pure love with aim to make both

men and women feel happy in their relationship. So Hawthorne is no doubt a quite famous symbolism. In The Scarlet Letter, the abundant and unique symbolism has a great influence on the theme of the novel. This eventually leads to different interpretations of the novel, which though sometimes caused differently to the reader, helps a lot in making this novel. Hawthorne’s masterpiece and a rewarding work to read even today. Hopefully, this thesis will help, to some extent, some confused readers of The Scarlet Letter to develop a better understanding of Hawthorne’s novel.

(4241words)

Notes

1.王惠君,王惠玲译. 红字(英汉对照全译)(奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,2001)54.

2. Ibid. 54.

3. Ibid. 60.

4. Ibid. 186.

5. Ibid. 188.

6. Ibid. 1.

7. Ibid. 4.

8. Ibid. 2.

9. Ibid. 265.

10. Ibid. 222.

11. Ibid. 243.

12. Ibid. 10.

13. Ibid. 33.

14. Ibid. 43.

15. Ibid. 134.

16. Ibid. 105.

17. Ibid. 104.

18. Ibid. 173.

Bibliography

1. Baym, Nina. 2. Nathaniel, Hawthorne. Shanghai: waiyujiaoyanshe, 2001.

3. 常耀信. 美国文学史选读. 天津:南开大学,1991.

4. 崔树芝等. 英美文学史百科全书. 北京高等教育出版社,1990.

5. 常耀信. 美国文学史导读. 天津:南开大学,1990.

6. 曹  曼. 美国文学史指导丛书. 武汉:武汉大学,1999.

7. 吴伟任. 美国文学史选读. 北京:怀柔东晓出版社,1990.

8. 刘建波. 英美文学史选读(美国部分). 北京:高等教育出版社,2001.

9. 秦寿生. 英美文学史选读. 北京:高等教育出版社,2000.

10.熊玉鹏. 红字. 北京:北京燕山,2000.

11.王惠君,王惠玲译.  红字(英汉对照全译)(奎屯:伊犁人民出版社,2001).

作文八:《用象征手法的作文》3700字

一、 用象征手法的作文:

1、水,您在地球上扮演着各种角色。

当您是雨时,在春天,您飘向草地,帮助小草儿成长;您越过树梢,帮助花朵儿含苞开放。在夏天,您与大海相融,看着鱼儿在您体内嬉戏;您融于干涸的土地,使土地充满了水分。在秋天,您与秋叶翩翩起舞,造就一幅美丽的画面;您与秋风合奏,造就一律动听的旋律。在冬天,您冰冷的身体侵入悬崖边的梅花枝里,使它成了傲梅,拥有了坚强的性格。有了您,草儿能茁壮,花儿鲜艳,鱼儿欢笑,大地湿润,景色优美,自然音乐动听。所以不能没有您。

当您是海时,您的颜色,使地球像披着蔚蓝色的纱衣;您的营养,喂养着您身体里的生物,肥硕的鱼儿与水生植物构成了海底世界;您身体内的盐被人们提炼出来,当做食物的调料,这才有了人间美味。如果没有您,地球不在是美丽的蓝色星球;如果没有您,“鱼”这个词也不再有;如果没有您,食物不再是香美的。所以不能没有您。

当您是雪时,您雪白的身体,在冬天给大地添上一片银白色,充满了安详,安静的氛围。当您停下将您那雪白的身体撒向大地时,整个被银白色覆盖的地方充满了嬉戏声。孩子们纷纷出户,拥抱着您,用您打雪仗,滚雪球,堆雪人。太阳出来时,您变回来您的原貌——水,接而您蒸发成云,等待着下一个春天。因为有了您飘向大地的风姿卓越,才有了“白雪纷纷何所似”“未若柳絮因风起”。您意味着春天的到来,希望的降临。因为有了您,才有了那冬天的愉悦。所以不能没有。

当您被称作水时,您将给予干渴的人,您将阻止火犯下滔天大罪,您将化作露珠停留在植物上,使它们充分吸收您,您将脏东西变得干净,您将与米成为兄弟。

如果没有您,火会吞噬世界,植物会枯萎,世界会被污染,世界不会再有欢笑声。所以,不能没有您。

不能没有您,因为您象征欢乐,象征万物的创造者,象征母亲,象征生命的希望。

您是我们的朋友,您有各种角色,所以不能没有您。

2、入夜,繁星点点,灯光迷离,银星与灯光链接在一起,分不清哪是星河哪是灯海。

远处一座座拔地而起的山峰,有的像巨人,有的似骆驼,有的骏马,形态各异。群山的后面是黑天鹅绒似的夜幕,一群小星星一闪一闪的,像天堂传来的灯火,又像是天使的眼眸,漂亮迷人。就像一件纯黑的衣服上镶着许多闪亮的纽扣。

我爱仰望星空,思接千载,神游八荒,这颗颗星辰,就如那些伟人,永生而且发光,留给人的是思索和真理。 童年时幼稚的我最喜欢躲在奶奶的怀抱中数天上的星星,一颗.两颗.三颗.四颗.........可总是数不清,我埋怨星星为什么总跟我捉迷藏。此时星星还是一动不动的镶在夜空上,那么悠远.那么洁净.但是夜空下却早已物是人非。 突然一道清冷的光线将我深深吸引,顺着光望去。

那是怎样的一道风景啊!一轮圆月镶嵌在山与山的交界处,宛如一尊白玉雕就的仙女,美得使人落泪,圣洁得使人下跪。整个画面给人凄清欲绝.无限空阔的特殊感觉,既使人想到“高处不胜寒”,有使人想到“空照秦淮”的种种意境。明月离我那样近,仿佛张开双臂就可以抱住它。明月,奇伟.瑰丽,大放异彩,使那些镶嵌在天空中的

星星顿时失去了光彩;明月,纯洁.无瑕,把自己皎洁的光无私地献给万物。一片白纱似的云儿从月上轻轻拂过,这时的月亮,仿佛是个靓丽的少女,拿着一块青纱遮遮掩掩,时时流露出羞涩之美。我闭上双眼,感受着它所散发发浓浓诗意,不得不感叹,这真是天的创造的神奇,自然造就的魅力, 我记得曾经看过一本书叫《宇宙的孤儿》,上面有这样一段话:“每个人都是茫茫无际的宇宙里,沙砾般渺小的孤儿。因为我们都是宇宙的孤儿,因为我们都是零零散散生地到这个世上,然后零零散散地死去的孤儿,所以我们不努力去让自己发光,就会被宇宙的黑暗吞噬,就会消失的无影无踪。”

因为孤独,所以才需要朋友,需要一个集体,陪着自己一同走下去。 但是不管哪一个班级.集体,不管关系有多好.多密切,最后都是免不了一散,都会成为过去,成为记忆。只有曾经快乐过的记忆,才是真正伴随一个人一生的伴侣-------其实,说到底,是孤独的吧。 仰望着夜空,就像压在头顶上一样的.使人窒息的黑暗。 在这个无限膨胀茫茫无际的宇宙里,地球,显得像一颗沙砾一样微不足道。这颗蓝色的“沙砾”上,有六十亿个人。我们每一个人------对地球来说,同样像一颗最渺小的沙砾一样微不足道。想到这儿,忽然觉得头上的夜空变得如此黑暗,如此无垠,如此残酷。天空中那些或明或暗的星星,它们正在努力让自己发出最耀眼的光芒,它们也不想被宇宙的黑暗所吞噬吧! 其实我也明白。 在最困难的时候,只能靠自己。

3、有人把老师比喻成红烛,有人把老师比喻成园丁,我却觉得老师更像树根。它虽然没有华丽的外表,但却有种特有的朴实气质。然而有的树根经过艺术家的雕刻成为了上等工艺品,有的树根却甘愿埋在地下。我曾问过老师为什么选择了后者,她笑着回答说:“如果我们全都变成了‘工艺品’,那么谁来哺育参天大树呢?”多么质朴的语言,多么崇高的心灵!我们难道不为这种奉献精神所感动吗?树高一尺,根老一岁。年复一年,日复一日。望着在自己之上的大树,根笑了,笑得那么甜,那么坦然„„  我爱树根,爱它的朴素、正直、无私与默默无闻。

4、神奇的丝瓜

今年春天,孩子们在房前空地上,斩草挖土,开辟出来了一个一丈见方的小花园。周围用竹竿扎了一个篱笆,移来了一棵玉兰花树,栽上了几株月季花,又在竹篱下面随意种上了几颗扁豆和两颗丝瓜。土壤并不肥沃,虽然也铺上了一层河泥,但估计不会起很大的作用,大家不过是玩玩而已。

>(2)过了不久,丝瓜竟然长了出来,而且日益茁壮、长大。这当然增加了我们的兴趣。但是我们也并没有过高的期望。我自己每天早晨工作疲倦了,常到屋旁的小土山上走一走,站一站,看看墙外马路上的车水马龙和亚运会招展的彩旗,顾而乐之,只不过顺便看一看丝瓜罢了。

(3)丝瓜是普通的植物,我也并没想到会有什么神奇之处。可是忽然有一天,我发现丝瓜秧爬出了篱笆,爬上了楼墙。以后,每天看丝瓜,总比前一天向楼上爬了一大段;最后竟从一楼爬上了二楼,又从二楼爬上了三楼。说它每天长出半尺,决非夸大之词。丝瓜的秧不过像细绳一般粗,如不注意,连它的根在什么地方,都找不到。这样细的一根秧竟能在一夜之间输送这样多的水分和养料,供应前方,使得上面的叶子长得又肥又绿,爬在灰白的墙上,,一片浓绿,给土墙增添了无量活力与生机。

(4)这当然让我感到很惊奇,我的兴趣随之大大的提高。每天早晨看丝瓜成了我的主要任务,爬小山反而成为次要的了。我往往注视着细细的瓜秧和浓绿的瓜叶,陷入沉思,想得很远、很远„„

(5)又过了几天,丝瓜开出了黄花。再过几天,有的黄花就变成了小小的绿色的瓜。瓜越长越长,越长越长,重量当然也越来越增加,最初长出的那一个小瓜竟把瓜秧坠下来了一点,直挺挺的悬垂在空中,随风摇摆。我真替它担心,生怕他经不住这一份重量,会整个地从楼上坠下来落到地上。

(6)然而不久就证明了,我这种担心是多余的。最初长出来的瓜不再长大,仿佛得到命令停止了生长。在上面,在三楼一位一百零二岁的老太太的窗外窗台上,却长出来两个瓜。这两个瓜后来居上,发疯似地猛长,不久就长成了小孩胳膊一般粗了。这两个瓜加起来恐怕有五六斤重,那一根细秧怎么能承担得住呢?我又担心起来。没过几天,事实又证明了我是杞人忧天。两个瓜不知从什么时候忽然弯了起来,把躯体放在老太太的窗台上,从下面看上去,活像两个粗大弯曲的绿色牛角。

(7)不知道从那一天起,我忽然又发现,在两个大瓜的下面,在二三楼之间,在一根细秧的顶端,又长出来了一个瓜,垂直地悬在那里。我又犯了担心病:这个瓜上面够不到窗台,下面也是空空的;总有一天,它越长越大,会把上面的两个瓜也坠了下来,一起坠到地上,落叶归根,同它的根部聚合在一起。

(8)然而今天早晨,我却看到了奇迹。同往日一样,我习惯地抬头看瓜:下面最小的那一个早已停止生长,孤零零地悬在空中,似乎一定分量都没有;上面老太太窗台上那两个大的似乎长得更大了,威武雄壮地压在窗台上;中间的那一个却不见了。我看看地上,没有看到掉下来的瓜。等我再退几步抬头看时,却看到那一个我认为失踪了的瓜,平着躺在抗震加固时筑上的紧靠楼墙凸出的一个台子上。这真让我大吃一惊。这样一个原来垂直悬在空中的瓜怎么忽然平身躺在那里了呢?这个凸出的台子无论是从上面还是从下面都是无法上去的,决不会有人把瓜摆平的。

(9)我百思不得其解,徘徊在丝瓜下面,像达摩老祖一样,面壁参禅,我仿佛觉得这颗瓜有了思想,它能考虑问题,而且还有行动,它能让无法承担重量的瓜停止生长;它能给处在有利地形的大瓜找到承担重量的地方,给这样的瓜特殊待遇,让它们疯狂地长;它能让悬垂的瓜平身躺下。如果不是这样的话,无论如何也无法解释我上面谈到的现象。但是,如果真是这样的话,又实在令人难以置信,丝瓜用什么来思想呢?丝瓜靠什么来指导自己的行动呢?上下数千年,纵横几万里,从来也没有人说过,丝瓜会有思想。我左考虑,右考虑;越考虑越糊涂。我无法同丝瓜对话,这是一个沉默的奇迹。瓜秧仿佛成了一根神秘的绳子,绿叶上照样浓翠扑人眉宇。我站在丝瓜下面,陷入梦幻。而丝瓜则似乎心中有数,无言静观,它怡然泰然悠然坦然,仿佛含笑面对秋阳。

作文九:《运用象征手法的作文》4700字

运用象征手法作文

作为文学创作的一种表现手法,象征是指借助某一具体事物的形象,以表现某种抽象的概念、思想或感情。它的特点是利用象征物与被象征物之间的某种类似,使被象征物的某一内容得到含蓄而形象的表现。有的作品的艺术形象,甚至会用象征手法表现出来。

象征是一种艺术手法,它和比喻修辞手法有相似之处。正如比喻要求喻体和被喻事物之间要有某种相似的特点一样,象征也要求象征之物与被象征之物之间有某种相似的特点,从而可以让人引起由此及彼的联想。不过,比喻属于修辞范围,它可比喻抽象的事物,也可比喻具体的事物;而象征则属于艺术手法,它与构思相关,属写作构思技巧,而不只是语言加工问题。象征一般都用来表现某种抽象的概念或思想感情,也就是说,它是通过某一具体形象表现出一种更为深远的含意,让读者自己去意会,从而让读者获得美的享受。这是一种隐晦、含蓄而又能使读者产生体会愉悦的美感的技巧。

作为构思现代技巧之一,象征手法的作用有哪些呢?

一、主题升华。

升华主题,是写作过程中丰富和深化主旨内涵,提高主旨意义的重要一环。唐代孙樵在《与友人论文书》中说:“辞必高然后为奇,意必深然后为工。”只有主题深刻,才能揭示事物的本质,才能引导读者领略美的旨趣。象征手法就是通过相似联想,把写作内容从自然界引申到人类社会生活中来,用原先所写的那些特点来象征某种精神品质或性格,从而把主题思想提高到一个新的境界。如茅盾的散文《白杨礼赞》就是很好的一例。文章先极力表现白杨树“正直”、“朴质”、“倔强挺立”、“努力向上”的特点,然后通过相似联想,把对白杨树的描写赞扬引申到北方农民身上,进而用白杨树来象征我们民族的一种可贵的“精神和意志”。这样,就通过象征的手法,把对白杨树的赞美变成了对一种民族“精神和意志”的赞美,至此,主题也就升华到了一个崇高的境界。

二、含蓄现美。

象征和含蓄是分不开的。象征给予人们的启示意义,不在于形象本身,而在于形象所暗示是意义,即黑格尔所说的“象征所要使人意识到的却不是它本身那样一个具体的个别事物,而是它所暗示的普遍性的意义”。比如描写和平鸽,作者用意不在鸽子本身,而在于它所暗示的和平的意义。含蓄,富有暗示性、朦胧性和多义性,意在言外,能给读者留下广阔的联想和想象空间。

那么,在什么情况下适宜用象征手法呢?

一种情况是,生活里有些事情比较复杂而又有深刻的意义,但一时又不易讲清楚,这时不妨用象征手法。比如,陶铸的《松树的风格》,作者以松树为象征,通过它要求于人的甚少而贡献给人的很多这一特点,生动地阐明了共产主义的高尚风格。文章深入浅出,寄意深远。

还有一种情况是,由于种种原因,有些意思不便明说,于是便采用象征手法。如鲁迅的小说《药》,结尾处写到夏瑜坟上的花圈,就是作者当时不直说的内容:虽然夏瑜死了,但自有怀念他的同志会接替他把斗争继续下去。夏瑜坟上添个花圈,象征革命的力量是扼杀不了的。这是鲁迅有意识地“听将令”的结果。

由此可见,作文构思技巧中的象征能深入浅出地表达精深的意蕴,常常能收到饶有意味的审美效果。学会运用象征手法,能使你的文章意味深长。

那运用象征有哪些要求呢?

一、立意要明确。有如《白杨礼赞》、《松树的风格》等名篇一样,文章赞扬什么,或批评什么,一定要鲜明,要贯穿全文。

二、描绘要具体。只有对象征体作具体的描绘,才能使人透过“形”看到“神”,如果“形”描绘的不具体,那么所颂扬的精神和意志,就只能是抽象的开念,作者的“意”也就不能形象的表达出来。茅盾正是着力描写了白杨树的外型,从树的干、枝、叶、皮、高度等方面塑造了白杨树紧密团结力求上进的形象,并赋予人格化的内涵,才从中提炼出“倔强挺立”、“向上发展”、“不屈不挠”等性格品质,再由此联想开去,揭示主题的。

三、类比要恰当。所借之物和所咏之寓,或所借之物与所抒之情,要有紧密的内在联系,合乎情理。这就要找准类比点,展开联想。正是由于“北方的农民”、“守卫家乡的哨兵”、“华北平原上的健儿”等本体对象同样表现出了和白杨树一样的“朴实”、“坚强”、和“力求上进”、“英勇无畏”的精神,白扬树才象征了北方的抗日军民,尤其象征了“用血写出新中国历史”的那种精神和意志。

附录:

象征手法分类解析汇总

【花木的象征意义】

花木,千姿百态,其色彩、风韵不仅给人以美感,在人们心目中还有它特定的象征意义。

1、以松柏象征坚贞。松枝傲骨峥嵘,柏树庄重肃穆,且四季长青,历严冬而不衰。《论语》赞曰:岁寒然后知松柏之后凋也。松与竹、梅一起,素有“岁寒三友”之称。文艺作品中,常以松柏象征坚贞不屈的英雄气概。

2、以竹象征气节。竹子挺拔秀丽,岁寒不凋,自古以来,受到人们的普遍喜爱。古人常以“玉可碎而不改其白,竹可焚而不毁其节”来比喻人的气节。

3、以梅象征坚强不屈。梅的枝干苍劲挺秀,宁折不弯,被人们用来象征刚强不屈的意志;而迎风斗雪怒放的梅花,则最先给人间透露春的气息。

4、以菊象征不畏风霜。菊花在深秋时节开放,它花期长,千姿百态,深为人们喜受。它不畏风霜的高尚品格更为人们所称道。

5、以牡丹象征富贵。牡丹花朵硕大,色泽鲜艳,它以其国色天香,雍容华贵、端妍富丽的特色,素称“花中之王”。人们视其为富贵荣华的象征。

6、以兰花象征高尚。兰花风姿素雅,花容端庄,幽香清远,历来作为高尚人格的象征。诗人屈原极爱兰花,在他不朽之作《离骚》中,多处出现咏兰的佳句。

7、以荷花象征清白。荷花花朵艳丽,清香远溢,碧叶翠盖,十分高雅。周敦颐之名篇《爱莲说》称其“出污泥而不染”,赞美荷花的高贵品格,将其视为清白、高洁的象征。

8、以折桂象征荣耀。据神话传说,月亮中有一桂花树。过去称应试及条为“蟾宫折桂”,比喻十分荣耀。福建地区的古越人还将月桂编织成“桂冠”,奉献给荣誉最高的人。

9、以桃李代表门生。人们常以“桃李满园”、“桃李满天下”来比喻某名师的门生众多。

10、以桑梓代故乡。《诗经·小雅》载:“维桑与梓,必恭敬止。”意谓家乡的桑树与梓树乃父母所栽,对它要表示尊敬。后人常以桑梓指代故乡。

11、以垂柳表示依恋。《诗经》有“昔我往矣,杨柳依依”之句。柳与留谐音,因而古时送别友人,常折柳枝相赠,以示依恋之情。

12、以杏象征幸福。因为杏与“幸”谐音,表示“有幸”,杏与花瓶表示“祝您高中”,同时因为杏花非常美丽,常用以象征美丽的少女;杏仁则比作美女的眼睛,俗语常说“柳叶眉,杏仁眼。”

13、以桃象征长寿。桃是最常见的长寿象征,给老人祝寿便用寿桃。一些人在厅堂中常挂着一幅画有三个桃和五只蝙蝠的面,表示“三桃五福”。

14、以水仙象征来年好运。“水仙”字面意思为“水中的仙人”;由于它正好在春节(旧历年节)前后开花,又称作“年花”,因此就成为来年好运的一个合适的标志。

15、以枫叶象征鸿运。枫叶不仅至秋呈红色,有“霜叶红于二月花”的美丽景色,而且因为“枫”与“封”同音,故有“受封”的意思,在许多图画中,画着一头猴子栖在树上,树上有一个蜂巢(也是“封”的意思)。

【颜色的象征意义】

1、红色红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色,它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆,如把促成他人美好婚姻的人叫“红娘”,喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字;男娶女嫁时贴大红“喜”字,把热闹、兴旺叫做“红火”;它也象征顺利、成功,如人的境遇很好被称为“走红”、“红极一时”,得到上司宠信的叫“红人”,分到合伙经营利润叫“分红”,给人发奖金叫“送红包”等;它还象征美丽、漂亮,如指女子盛妆为“红妆”或“红装”,把艳妆女子称为“红袖”,指女子美艳的容颜为“红颜”等。

2、白色

在中国文化中,白色与红色相反,是一个基本禁忌词,体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中,西方为白虎,西方是刑天杀神,主萧杀之秋,古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现,象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝(穿白色孝服)办“白事”,要设白色灵堂,出殡时要打白幡;它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得,如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降,称智力低下的人为“白痴”,把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做“白忙”、“白费力”、“白干”等,它还象征奸邪、阴险,如“唱白脸”、“白脸”奸雄;最后,它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名,如称平民百姓为“白丁”、“白衣”、“白身”,把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作“白面书生”等。

3、黑色古代黑色为天玄,原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感,是一种庄重而严肃的色调,它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义,如民间传说中的“黑脸”包公,传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱;另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动,如指阴险狠

毒的人是“黑心肠”,不可告人的丑恶内情是“黑幕”,反动集团的成员是“黑帮”、“黑手”,把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为“黑名单”,它又表示犯罪、违法,如称干盗匪行径叫“走黑道”,称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做“黑店”,违禁的货物交易叫“黑货”、“黑市”,用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫“黑钱”等。

例文:                        梅花

小小的花瓣,细而有劲的枝,淡淡的粉白,缠绕在周身的芳香。那是一种在冬天才傲然开放的花,那是一种在雪中才显得更加纯白的花,那是一种雪花压不到的花。是的,那就是梅花。在冬雪中傲然挺立的花。

五月份,春与夏交接的季节。阳光明媚,姹紫嫣红。迎春花与玉兰花刚刚开败,月季冒出了小小的蕾,一串串粉嘟嘟的桃花,绿草如茵,这一切,都像人们说得那样,是的,这我也同意,春天确实是一个万物复苏的季节。她给人的感觉就是嫩嫩的绿,淡淡的绿,无边无尽的绿,而夏天,绿得更深了,那是翠绿,绿得更加得深沉。

然而,冬天,这四季中最没有生气的一个季节,给人的感觉是无边无垠的白,雪花铺天盖地,席卷而来,仅仅能为这枯萎的冬天增添几分绿色的松柏,此时也被盖上了厚厚的雪被。

夏天的那些花儿们,此时也只剩下了枯枝烂叶。不再有了往日的娇艳,不再有了往日的富贵,不再有了往日了神气,他们那仅剩下的矮小的枝,也在雪被的压力下累得直喘粗气,只能悲哀的等待着死神的到来。

而此时,就在这漫天遍野的雪中,就在这万物的哀叹声中,梅花出现了,就在这雪地中傲然挺立着。她那高而细的枝干,丝毫受不到风雪的影响。傲雪临霜。在风雪中怒放,充满了豪情,挺立着,挺立着,任凭风雪的吹打„„

这就是我喜爱梅花的原因,坚强不屈。虽然冬天是那样的寒冷,以至于人们都懒得出门,然而梅花却在风雪中开着那小小的花,而这小小的花,所象征的精神,却远比那夏天中艳丽多彩的玫瑰,月季,牡丹高尚的多。

你看那梅花,像极了纯白的雪,只是那雪花融化之后,留下的只是一滩污迹,华而不实,虚假的很,而梅花,她是真真正正的纯白,有时还带着一点点粉红,她留下的,是似有似无的芳香。她的朴质与素雅,也不是常人能所及的。

你看那在风雪中傲然挺立,怒放着的梅花,难道你就丝毫没有感受到她的美吗?难道在漫无边际的白雪中,你突然看到前方有一株挺立着的梅花,你就不被她那种不畏寒霜,坚强不屈的精神所感染吗?难道你不曾想到,她与红军战士们坚强不屈的精神多少有些相似吗?难道你就没有想到,这傲雪临霜的雪梅,真真切切的象征了我们的革命战士们,象征了他们那种顽强不屈,勇于拼搏,渴望着暴风雪的来临的那种精神,那种意志品质吗?

人们赞美牡丹,是因为它的富贵,赞美荷花,是因为它的出淤泥而不染,而我赞美梅花,是因为她的那种坚强不屈,傲雪斗霜的精神,同时也象征了那些在困难面前不低头,越挫越勇的人们!

作文十:《运用象征手法的有》900字

1.运用象征手法的有:

《踏莎行》、《鹊桥仙》秦观、《卜算子》陆游、《摸鱼儿》辛弃疾。

2.属于怀古词的有:

《桂枝香》王安石、《念奴娇》苏轼、《永遇乐》辛弃疾。

3.运用讽刺手法的是:

《哨遍》(高祖还乡)睢景臣、《朝天子》(咏喇叭)王磐、《报刘一丈书》宗臣

一.修辞运用

A.“平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外”用的修辞手法是。(欧阳修的《踏莎行》)

B.《峨眉山行纪》作者:范成大    运用的修辞手法是

C.《青玉案》作者:辛弃疾       运用的修辞手法是

D.《念奴娇》作者:陈亮        运用的写作手法是借古论今

E.《琵琶记》作者:高明   人物:女主人公赵五娘  男主人公蔡伯喈  运用的修辞手法是比兴手法

F.《摸鱼儿》作者:辛弃疾      运用的写作手法是G.《墨池记》作者:曾巩      结构上以推进的特色

H.《道吏》作者:邓牧          运用的修辞手法是对比手法

二.多选罗列:

1辛弃疾的《水龙吟》中擅用典故,其中 ○

{1.张翰弃官归乡、2.许汜为刘备所羞3、桓温感慨年华虚度。}  {1.看吴钩、2.拍栏杆}

2关汉卿《窦娥冤》杂剧中,窦娥临行前的三个誓愿有: ○

{1.血溅白练、2.雪飞六月、3.亢旱三年}

3《徐文长传》描写徐渭“无之而不奇”○,主要表现有:(袁宏道作品)

{1.好奇计,谈兵多中、2.诗歌匠心独具,有王者气、3.书画笔意奔放,超逸有致、4.晚年愤益深,佯狂益甚}

4《西湖七月半》中描述游客的有 ○

{1.假冒风雅的官僚、2.无意风雅的豪富、3.不懂风雅的市井之徒、4追逐风雅的士人、5.清雅脱俗的士人}

5《天仙子》的作者张先被称为“张三影”○,是由于其词句有三句影字

{1.云破月来花弄影、2.娇柔懒起,帘压卷花影、3.柳径无人,堕风絮无影}

6汤显祖的《临川四梦》中包括 ○

{《紫钗记》、《牡丹亭》、《邯郸记》、《南柯记》}

7元末明初被称为“四大传奇”的南戏作品 ○

{《杀狗记》、《拜月记》、《荆钗记》、《白兔记》}

8《中山狼传》中主要出场的人物有 ○

{1.赵简子、2.东郭先生、3.中山狼、4.杖藜老人、5.老树精}

三.重点要句

1.

2.《正宫*醉太平》

3.《哀旅顺》黄遵宪:写于甲午战争战败后